Merge branch 'master' into pr-4841

.gitignore

@@ -52,3 +52,4 @@ result-*
 
 .ccls-cache
 _codeql_detected_source_root
+heaptrack*

include/ALabel.hpp

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include <gtkmm/label.h>
 #include <json/json.h>
 
+#include <optional>
+
 #include "AModule.hpp"
 
 namespace waybar {
@@ -25,12 +27,19 @@ class ALabel : public AModule {
   bool alt_ = false;
   std::string default_format_;
 
+  bool setLabelMarkup(const Glib::ustring& markup);
+  bool setTooltipMarkup(const Glib::ustring& markup);
+
   bool handleToggle(GdkEventButton* const& e) override;
   virtual std::string getState(uint8_t value, bool lesser = false);
 
   std::map<std::string, GtkMenuItem*> submenus_;
   std::map<std::string, std::string> menuActionsMap_;
   static void handleGtkMenuEvent(GtkMenuItem* menuitem, gpointer data);
+
+ private:
+  std::optional<Glib::ustring> last_label_markup_;
+  std::optional<Glib::ustring> last_tooltip_markup_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace waybar

include/AModule.hpp

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ class AModule : public IModule {
 
   bool expandEnabled() const;
 
+  virtual void suspend() {};
+  virtual void resume() {};
+  bool shouldSuspend() const { return disable_on_sleep_; }
+
  protected:
   // Don't need to make an object directly
   // Derived classes are able to use it
@@ -48,6 +52,8 @@ class AModule : public IModule {
   virtual bool handleMouseLeave(GdkEventCrossing* const& ev);
   virtual bool handleScroll(GdkEventScroll*);
   virtual bool handleRelease(GdkEventButton* const& ev);
+
+  bool disable_on_sleep_{false};
   GObject* menu_ = nullptr;
 
  private:
@@ -57,6 +63,7 @@ class AModule : public IModule {
   bool hasUserEvents_;
   gdouble distance_scrolled_y_;
   gdouble distance_scrolled_x_;
+  sigc::connection cursor_timeout_conn_;
   std::map<std::string, std::string> eventActionMap_;
   static const inline std::map<std::pair<uint, GdkEventType>, std::string> eventMap_{
       {std::make_pair(1, GdkEventType::GDK_BUTTON_PRESS), "on-click"},

include/bar.hpp

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ class Bar : public sigc::trackable {
   util::KillSignalAction getOnSigusr1Action();
   util::KillSignalAction getOnSigusr2Action();
 
+  void toggleSuspend(bool suspend);
+
   struct waybar_output* output;
   Json::Value config;
   struct wl_surface* surface;
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ class Bar : public sigc::trackable {
   void setMode(const bar_mode&);
   void setPassThrough(bool passthrough);
   void setPosition(Gtk::PositionType position);
+  void forceLayerCommit();
   void onConfigure(GdkEventConfigure* ev);
   void configureGlobalOffset(int width, int height);
   void onOutputGeometryChanged();

include/client.hpp

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ class Client {
                            const char* interface, uint32_t version);
   static void handleGlobalRemove(void* data, struct wl_registry* registry, uint32_t name);
   static void handleOutputDone(void*, struct zxdg_output_v1*);
+  void createBarsBatch();
   static void handleOutputName(void*, struct zxdg_output_v1*, const char*);
   static void handleOutputDescription(void*, struct zxdg_output_v1*, const char*);
   void handleMonitorAdded(Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Monitor> monitor);
@@ -58,6 +59,8 @@ class Client {
   std::string m_cssFile;
   sigc::connection monitor_added_connection_;
   sigc::connection monitor_removed_connection_;
+  std::list<waybar_output*> pending_outputs_;
+  bool bars_scheduled_ = false;
 };
 
 }  // namespace waybar

include/modules/custom.hpp

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class Custom : public ALabel {
   std::string id_;
   std::string alt_;
   std::string tooltip_;
+  std::string last_tooltip_markup_;
   const bool tooltip_format_enabled_;
   std::vector<std::string> class_;
   int percentage_;

include/modules/disk.hpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class Disk : public ALabel {
   std::string path_;
   std::string unit_;
 
-  float calc_specific_divisor(const std::string divisor);
+  float calc_specific_divisor(const std::string& divisor);
 };
 
 }  // namespace waybar::modules

include/modules/gamemode.hpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class Gamemode : public AModule {
   const std::string DEFAULT_FORMAT = "{glyph}";
   const std::string DEFAULT_FORMAT_ALT = "{glyph} {count}";
   const std::string DEFAULT_TOOLTIP_FORMAT = "Games running: {count}";
-  const std::string DEFAULT_GLYPH = "";
+  const std::string DEFAULT_GLYPH = "󰊴";
 
   void appear(const Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Connection>& connection, const Glib::ustring& name,
               const Glib::ustring& name_owner);

include/modules/hyprland/backend.hpp

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <list>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>
@@ -34,19 +36,33 @@ class IPC {
   Json::Value getSocket1JsonReply(const std::string& rq);
   static std::filesystem::path getSocketFolder(const char* instanceSig);
 
+  /// Dispatch a Hyprland command. Automatically uses the correct protocol
+  /// (legacy text or Lua-based) depending on the running Hyprland version.
+  static std::string dispatch(const std::string& dispatcher, const std::string& arg);
+
+  /// Build a Lua-format dispatch command string.
+  static std::string buildLuaDispatch(const std::string& dispatcher, const std::string& arg);
+
  protected:
   static std::filesystem::path socketFolder_;
 
+  /// Detect whether the running Hyprland uses the Lua-based IPC protocol.
+  /// Returns true for Hyprland >= 0.54 (Lua config), false for older versions.
+  static bool isLuaProtocol();
+
+  static std::optional<bool> s_luaProtocolDetected_;  // cached detection result
+
  private:
   void socketListener();
   void parseIPC(const std::string&);
 
   std::thread ipcThread_;
   std::mutex callbackMutex_;
+  std::mutex socketMutex_;
   util::JsonParser parser_;
   std::list<std::pair<std::string, EventHandler*>> callbacks_;
-  int socketfd_;  // the hyprland socket file descriptor
-  pid_t socketOwnerPid_;
-  bool running_ = true;  // the ipcThread will stop running when this is false
+  int socketfd_ = -1;  // the hyprland socket file descriptor
+  pid_t socketOwnerPid_ = -1;
+  std::atomic<bool> running_ = true;  // the ipcThread will stop running when this is false
 };
 };  // namespace waybar::modules::hyprland

include/modules/hyprland/window.hpp

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ class Window : public waybar::AAppIconLabel, public EventHandler {
 
  private:
   struct Workspace {
-    int id;
-    int windows;
+    int id = 0;
+    int windows = 0;
     std::string last_window;
     std::string last_window_title;
 
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ class Window : public waybar::AAppIconLabel, public EventHandler {
   };
 
   struct WindowData {
-    bool floating;
+    bool floating = false;
     int monitor = -1;
     std::string class_name;
     std::string initial_class_name;
     std::string title;
     std::string initial_title;
-    bool fullscreen;
-    bool grouped;
+    bool fullscreen = false;
+    bool grouped = false;
 
     static auto parse(const Json::Value&) -> WindowData;
   };
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Window : public waybar::AAppIconLabel, public EventHandler {
   void queryActiveWorkspace();
   void setClass(const std::string&, bool enable);
 
-  bool separateOutputs_;
+  bool separateOutputs_ = false;
   std::mutex mutex_;
   const Bar& bar_;
   util::JsonParser parser_;
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ class Window : public waybar::AAppIconLabel, public EventHandler {
   Workspace workspace_;
   std::string soloClass_;
   std::string lastSoloClass_;
-  bool solo_;
-  bool allFloating_;
-  bool swallowing_;
-  bool fullscreen_;
-  bool focused_;
+  bool solo_ = false;
+  bool allFloating_ = false;
+  bool swallowing_ = false;
+  bool fullscreen_ = false;
+  bool focused_ = false;
 
   IPC& m_ipc;
 };

include/modules/hyprland/windowcreationpayload.hpp

@@ -40,10 +40,11 @@ struct WindowRepr {
 
 class WindowCreationPayload {
  public:
-  WindowCreationPayload(std::string workspace_name, WindowAddress window_address,
+  WindowCreationPayload(const std::string& workspace_name, WindowAddress window_address,
                         WindowRepr window_repr);
-  WindowCreationPayload(std::string workspace_name, WindowAddress window_address,
-                        std::string window_class, std::string window_title, bool is_active);
+  WindowCreationPayload(const std::string& workspace_name, WindowAddress window_address,
+                        const std::string& window_class, const std::string& window_title,
+                        bool is_active);
   WindowCreationPayload(Json::Value const& client_data);
 
   int incrementTimeSpentUncreated();

include/modules/hyprland/workspace.hpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class Workspace {
  public:
   explicit Workspace(const Json::Value& workspace_data, Workspaces& workspace_manager,
                      const Json::Value& clients_data = Json::Value::nullRef);
+  ~Workspace();
   std::string& selectIcon(std::map<std::string, std::string>& icons_map);
   Gtk::Button& button() { return m_button; };
 
@@ -45,6 +46,15 @@ class Workspace {
   bool isUrgent() const { return m_isUrgent; };
 
   bool handleClicked(GdkEventButton* bt) const;
+
+  bool handleEnter(GdkEventCrossing* event);
+  bool handleLeave(GdkEventCrossing* event);
+
+  void startHoverCheck();
+  void stopHoverCheck();
+  bool syncHoverClass();
+  bool pointerInsideButton();
+
   void setActive(bool value = true) { m_isActive = value; };
   void setPersistentRule(bool value = true) { m_isPersistentRule = value; };
   void setPersistentConfig(bool value = true) { m_isPersistentConfig = value; };
@@ -80,6 +90,8 @@ class Workspace {
   bool m_isUrgent = false;
   bool m_isVisible = false;
 
+  sigc::connection m_hoverCheckConnection;
+
   std::vector<WindowRepr> m_windowMap;
 
   Gtk::Button m_button;

include/modules/hyprland/workspaces.hpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <gtkmm/enums.h>
 #include <gtkmm/label.h>
 #include <json/value.h>
+#include <sigc++/connection.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <map>
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ class Workspaces : public AModule, public EventHandler {
   enum class ActiveWindowPosition { NONE, FIRST, LAST };
   auto activeWindowPosition() const -> ActiveWindowPosition { return m_activeWindowPosition; }
 
-  std::string getRewrite(std::string window_class, std::string window_title);
+  std::string getRewrite(const std::string& window_class, const std::string& window_title);
   std::string& getWindowSeparator() { return m_formatWindowSeparator; }
   bool isWorkspaceIgnored(std::string const& workspace_name);
 
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ class Workspaces : public AModule, public EventHandler {
   std::mutex m_mutex;
   const Bar& m_bar;
   Gtk::Box m_box;
+  sigc::connection m_scrollEventConnection_;
   IPC& m_ipc;
 };
 

include/modules/memory.hpp

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ class Memory : public ALabel {
   std::unordered_map<std::string, unsigned long> meminfo_;
 
   util::SleeperThread thread_;
+
+  std::string unit_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace waybar::modules

include/modules/mpd/mpd.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class MPD : public ALabel {
   detail::unique_status status_;
   mpd_state state_;
   detail::unique_song song_;
+  std::string ellipsis_;
 
  public:
   MPD(const std::string&, const Json::Value&);
@@ -44,7 +45,11 @@ class MPD : public ALabel {
   std::string getFilename() const;
   void setLabel();
   std::string getStateIcon() const;
-  std::string getOptionIcon(std::string optionName, bool activated) const;
+  std::string getOptionIcon(const std::string& optionName, bool activated) const;
+  std::string getArtistStr(bool truncated) const;
+  std::string getAlbumArtistStr(bool truncated) const;
+  std::string getAlbumStr(bool truncated) const;
+  std::string getTitleStr(bool truncated) const;
 
   // GUI-side methods
   bool handlePlayPause(GdkEventButton* const&);
@@ -54,7 +59,6 @@ class MPD : public ALabel {
   void tryConnect();
   void checkErrors(mpd_connection* conn);
   void fetchState();
-  void queryMPD();
 
   inline bool stopped() const { return connection_ && state_ == MPD_STATE_STOP; }
   inline bool playing() const { return connection_ && state_ == MPD_STATE_PLAY; }

include/modules/mpd/state.hpp

@@ -197,7 +197,6 @@ class Context {
   void tryConnect() const;
   void checkErrors(mpd_connection*) const;
   void do_update();
-  void queryMPD() const;
   void fetchState() const;
   constexpr mpd_state state() const;
   void emit() const;

include/modules/mpd/state.inl.hpp

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
 namespace detail {
+using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
 
 inline bool Context::is_connected() const { return mpd_module_->connection_ != nullptr; }
 inline bool Context::is_playing() const { return mpd_module_->playing(); }
 inline bool Context::is_paused() const { return mpd_module_->paused(); }
 inline bool Context::is_stopped() const { return mpd_module_->stopped(); }
 
-constexpr inline std::size_t Context::interval() const { return mpd_module_->interval_.count(); }
+constexpr inline std::size_t Context::interval() const { return mpd_module_->interval_ / 1s; }
 inline void Context::tryConnect() const { mpd_module_->tryConnect(); }
 inline unique_connection& Context::connection() { return mpd_module_->connection_; }
 constexpr inline mpd_state Context::state() const { return mpd_module_->state_; }
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ constexpr inline mpd_state Context::state() const { return mpd_module_->state_;
 inline void Context::do_update() { mpd_module_->setLabel(); }
 
 inline void Context::checkErrors(mpd_connection* conn) const { mpd_module_->checkErrors(conn); }
-inline void Context::queryMPD() const { mpd_module_->queryMPD(); }
 inline void Context::fetchState() const { mpd_module_->fetchState(); }
 inline void Context::emit() const { mpd_module_->emit(); }
 

include/modules/network.hpp

@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ class Network : public ALabel {
 
   unsigned long long bandwidth_down_total_{0};
   unsigned long long bandwidth_up_total_{0};
+  unsigned long long bandwidth_down_prev_{0};
+  unsigned long long bandwidth_up_prev_{0};
+  std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point bandwidth_last_sample_time_;
 
   std::string state_;
   std::string essid_;

include/modules/privacy/privacy.hpp

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class Privacy : public AModule {
 
   // Config
   Gtk::Box box_;
+  std::vector<PrivacyItem*> modules_;
   uint iconSpacing = 4;
   uint iconSize = 20;
   uint transition_duration = 250;

include/modules/pulseaudio_slider.hpp

@@ -6,11 +6,6 @@
 #include "util/audio_backend.hpp"
 namespace waybar::modules {
 
-enum class PulseaudioSliderTarget {
-  Sink,
-  Source,
-};
-
 class PulseaudioSlider : public ASlider {
  public:
   PulseaudioSlider(const std::string&, const Json::Value&);
@@ -21,7 +16,15 @@ class PulseaudioSlider : public ASlider {
 
  private:
   std::shared_ptr<util::AudioBackend> backend = nullptr;
-  PulseaudioSliderTarget target = PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink;
+  util::PulseaudioTarget target = util::PulseaudioTarget::Sink;
+
+  bool zero_on_mute = true;
+  bool unmute_on_volume_change = true;
+  // zero_on_mute and unmute_on_volume_change default to true
+  // in order to maintain previous behaviour when using a
+  // config in which these values are undefined
+
+  bool previously_muted = false;
 };
 
 }  // namespace waybar::modules

include/modules/sni/host.hpp

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class Host {
  public:
   Host(const std::size_t id, const Json::Value&, const Bar&,
        const std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<Item>&)>&,
-       const std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<Item>&)>&);
+       const std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<Item>&)>&, const std::function<void()>&);
   ~Host();
 
  private:
@@ -28,9 +28,13 @@ class Host {
   static void registerHost(GObject*, GAsyncResult*, gpointer);
   static void itemRegistered(SnWatcher*, const gchar*, gpointer);
   static void itemUnregistered(SnWatcher*, const gchar*, gpointer);
+  void itemReady(Item&);
+  void itemInvalidated(Item&);
+  void removeItem(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Item>>::iterator);
+  void clearItems();
 
   std::tuple<std::string, std::string> getBusNameAndObjectPath(const std::string);
-  void addRegisteredItem(std::string service);
+  void addRegisteredItem(const std::string& service);
 
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Item>> items_;
   const std::string bus_name_;
@@ -39,10 +43,13 @@ class Host {
   std::size_t watcher_id_;
   GCancellable* cancellable_ = nullptr;
   SnWatcher* watcher_ = nullptr;
+  sigc::connection retry_connection_;
+  unsigned retry_count_ = 0;
   const Json::Value& config_;
   const Bar& bar_;
   const std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<Item>&)> on_add_;
   const std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<Item>&)> on_remove_;
+  const std::function<void()> on_update_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace waybar::modules::SNI

include/modules/sni/item.hpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <libdbusmenu-gtk/dbusmenu-gtk.h>
 #include <sigc++/trackable.h>
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <set>
 #include <string_view>
 
@@ -25,9 +26,13 @@ struct ToolTip {
 
 class Item : public sigc::trackable {
  public:
-  Item(const std::string&, const std::string&, const Json::Value&, const Bar&);
+  Item(const std::string&, const std::string&, const Json::Value&, const Bar&,
+       const std::function<void(Item&)>&, const std::function<void(Item&)>&,
+       const std::function<void()>&);
   ~Item();
 
+  bool isReady() const;
+
   std::string bus_name;
   std::string object_path;
 
@@ -41,9 +46,12 @@ class Item : public sigc::trackable {
   std::string title;
   std::string icon_name;
   Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> icon_pixmap;
+  bool has_custom_icon_ = false;
   Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::IconTheme> icon_theme;
   std::string overlay_icon_name;
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> overlay_icon_pixmap;
   std::string attention_icon_name;
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> attention_icon_pixmap;
   std::string attention_movie_name;
   std::string icon_theme_path;
   std::string menu;
@@ -62,6 +70,8 @@ class Item : public sigc::trackable {
   void proxyReady(Glib::RefPtr<Gio::AsyncResult>& result);
   void setProperty(const Glib::ustring& name, Glib::VariantBase& value);
   void setStatus(const Glib::ustring& value);
+  void setReady();
+  void invalidate();
   void setCustomIcon(const std::string& id);
   void getUpdatedProperties();
   void processUpdatedProperties(Glib::RefPtr<Gio::AsyncResult>& result);
@@ -69,8 +79,13 @@ class Item : public sigc::trackable {
                 const Glib::VariantContainerBase& arguments);
 
   void updateImage();
-  Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> extractPixBuf(GVariant* variant);
+  static Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> extractPixBuf(GVariant* variant);
   Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> getIconPixbuf();
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> getAttentionIconPixbuf();
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> getOverlayIconPixbuf();
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> loadIconFromNameOrFile(const std::string& name, bool log_failure);
+  static Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> overlayPixbufs(const Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf>&,
+                                                  const Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf>&);
   Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> getIconByName(const std::string& name, int size);
   double getScaledIconSize();
   static void onMenuDestroyed(Item* self, GObject* old_menu_pointer);
@@ -86,8 +101,13 @@ class Item : public sigc::trackable {
   gdouble distance_scrolled_y_ = 0;
   // visibility of items with Status == Passive
   bool show_passive_ = false;
+  bool ready_ = false;
+  Glib::ustring status_ = "active";
 
   const Bar& bar_;
+  const std::function<void(Item&)> on_ready_;
+  const std::function<void(Item&)> on_invalidate_;
+  const std::function<void()> on_updated_;
 
   Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Proxy> proxy_;
   Glib::RefPtr<Gio::Cancellable> cancellable_;

include/modules/sni/tray.hpp

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ class Tray : public AModule {
  private:
   void onAdd(std::unique_ptr<Item>& item);
   void onRemove(std::unique_ptr<Item>& item);
+  void queueUpdate();
 
   static inline std::size_t nb_hosts_ = 0;
-  bool show_passive_ = false;
   Gtk::Box box_;
   SNI::Watcher::singleton watcher_;
   SNI::Host host_;

include/modules/sway/bar.hpp

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class BarIpcClient {
   void onModeUpdate(bool visible_by_modifier);
   void onUrgencyUpdate(bool visible_by_urgency);
   void update();
-  bool isModuleEnabled(std::string name);
+  bool isModuleEnabled(const std::string& name);
 
   Bar& bar_;
   util::JsonParser parser_;

include/modules/sway/ipc/client.hpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "ipc.hpp"
 #include "util/SafeSignal.hpp"
+#include "util/scoped_fd.hpp"
 #include "util/sleeper_thread.hpp"
 
 namespace waybar::modules::sway {
@@ -45,8 +46,8 @@ class Ipc {
   struct ipc_response send(int fd, uint32_t type, const std::string& payload = "");
   struct ipc_response recv(int fd);
 
-  int fd_;
-  int fd_event_;
+  util::ScopedFd fd_;
+  util::ScopedFd fd_event_;
   std::mutex mutex_;
   util::SleeperThread thread_;
 };

include/modules/sway/language.hpp

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Language : public ALabel, public sigc::trackable {
   void onEvent(const struct Ipc::ipc_response&);
   void onCmd(const struct Ipc::ipc_response&);
 
-  auto set_current_layout(std::string current_layout) -> void;
+  auto set_current_layout(const std::string& current_layout) -> void;
   auto init_layouts_map(const std::vector<std::string>& used_layouts) -> void;
 
   const static std::string XKB_LAYOUT_NAMES_KEY;

include/modules/sway/workspaces.hpp

@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ class Workspaces : public AModule, public sigc::trackable {
 
  private:
   static constexpr std::string_view workspace_switch_cmd_ = "workspace {} \"{}\"";
+  static constexpr std::string_view workspace_switch_number_cmd_ = "workspace {} number {}";
   static constexpr std::string_view persistent_workspace_switch_cmd_ =
       R"(workspace {} "{}"; move workspace to output "{}"; workspace {} "{}")";
 
-  static int convertWorkspaceNameToNum(std::string name);
+  static int convertWorkspaceNameToNum(const std::string& name);
   static int windowRewritePriorityFunction(std::string const& window_rule);
 
   void onCmd(const struct Ipc::ipc_response&);
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ class Workspaces : public AModule, public sigc::trackable {
   std::string getIcon(const std::string&, const Json::Value&);
   std::string getCycleWorkspace(std::vector<Json::Value>::iterator, bool prev) const;
   uint16_t getWorkspaceIndex(const std::string& name) const;
-  static std::string trimWorkspaceName(std::string);
+  static std::string trimWorkspaceName(const std::string&);
   bool handleScroll(GdkEventScroll* /*unused*/) override;
 
   const Bar& bar_;

include/modules/systemd_failed_units.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <giomm/dbusproxy.h>
 
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "ALabel.hpp"
 
@@ -11,23 +12,42 @@ namespace waybar::modules {
 class SystemdFailedUnits : public ALabel {
  public:
   SystemdFailedUnits(const std::string&, const Json::Value&);
-  virtual ~SystemdFailedUnits();
+  virtual ~SystemdFailedUnits() = default;
   auto update() -> void override;
 
  private:
-  bool hide_on_ok;
-  std::string format_ok;
+  struct FailedUnit {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string description;
+    std::string load_state;
+    std::string active_state;
+    std::string sub_state;
+    std::string scope;
+  };
 
-  bool update_pending;
-  std::string system_state, user_state, overall_state;
-  uint32_t nr_failed_system, nr_failed_user, nr_failed;
-  std::string last_status;
-  Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Proxy> system_proxy, user_proxy;
+  bool hide_on_ok_;
+  std::string format_ok_;
+  std::string tooltip_format_;
+  std::string tooltip_format_ok_;
+  std::string tooltip_unit_format_;
+
+  bool update_pending_;
+  std::string system_state_, user_state_, overall_state_;
+  uint32_t nr_failed_system_, nr_failed_user_, nr_failed_;
+  std::string last_status_;
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Proxy> system_props_proxy_, user_props_proxy_;
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Proxy> system_manager_proxy_, user_manager_proxy_;
+  std::vector<FailedUnit> failed_units_;
 
   void notify_cb(const Glib::ustring& sender_name, const Glib::ustring& signal_name,
                  const Glib::VariantContainerBase& arguments);
   void RequestFailedUnits();
+  void RequestFailedUnitsList();
   void RequestSystemState();
+  std::vector<FailedUnit> LoadFailedUnitsList(const char* kind,
+                                              Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Proxy>& proxy,
+                                              const std::string& scope);
+  std::string BuildTooltipFailedList() const;
   void updateData();
 };
 

include/modules/temperature.hpp

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ class Temperature : public ALabel {
   Temperature(const std::string&, const Json::Value&);
   virtual ~Temperature() = default;
   auto update() -> void override;
+  void suspend() override;
+  void resume() override;
 
  private:
   float getTemperature();

include/modules/wayfire/backend.hpp

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "util/scoped_fd.hpp"
+
 namespace waybar::modules::wayfire {
 
 using EventHandler = std::function<void(const std::string& event)>;
@@ -71,23 +73,7 @@ struct State {
   auto update_view(const Json::Value& view) -> void;
 };
 
-struct Sock {
-  int fd;
-
-  Sock(int fd) : fd{fd} {}
-  ~Sock() { close(fd); }
-  Sock(const Sock&) = delete;
-  auto operator=(const Sock&) = delete;
-  Sock(Sock&& rhs) noexcept {
-    fd = rhs.fd;
-    rhs.fd = -1;
-  }
-  auto& operator=(Sock&& rhs) noexcept {
-    fd = rhs.fd;
-    rhs.fd = -1;
-    return *this;
-  }
-};
+using Sock = util::ScopedFd;
 
 class IPC : public std::enable_shared_from_this<IPC> {
   static std::weak_ptr<IPC> instance;

include/util/SafeSignal.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <glibmm/dispatcher.h>
 #include <sigc++/signal.h>
 
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <functional>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <queue>
@@ -11,11 +12,6 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
-#ifdef __OpenBSD__
-#define SIGRTMIN SIGUSR1 - 1
-#define SIGRTMAX SIGUSR1 + 1
-#endif
-
 namespace waybar {
 
 /**
@@ -27,6 +23,12 @@ struct SafeSignal : sigc::signal<void(std::decay_t<Args>...)> {
  public:
   SafeSignal() { dp_.connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &SafeSignal::handle_event)); }
 
+  void set_max_queued_events(std::size_t max_queued_events) {
+    std::unique_lock lock(mutex_);
+    max_queued_events_ = max_queued_events;
+    trim_queue_locked();
+  }
+
   template <typename... EmitArgs>
   void emit(EmitArgs&&... args) {
     if (main_tid_ == std::this_thread::get_id()) {
@@ -41,6 +43,9 @@ struct SafeSignal : sigc::signal<void(std::decay_t<Args>...)> {
     } else {
       {
         std::unique_lock lock(mutex_);
+        if (max_queued_events_ != 0 && queue_.size() >= max_queued_events_) {
+          queue_.pop();
+        }
         queue_.emplace(std::forward<EmitArgs>(args)...);
       }
       dp_.emit();
@@ -60,6 +65,15 @@ struct SafeSignal : sigc::signal<void(std::decay_t<Args>...)> {
   using signal_t::emit_reverse;
   using signal_t::make_slot;
 
+  void trim_queue_locked() {
+    if (max_queued_events_ == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    while (queue_.size() > max_queued_events_) {
+      queue_.pop();
+    }
+  }
+
   void handle_event() {
     for (std::unique_lock lock(mutex_); !queue_.empty(); lock.lock()) {
       auto args = queue_.front();
@@ -72,6 +86,7 @@ struct SafeSignal : sigc::signal<void(std::decay_t<Args>...)> {
   Glib::Dispatcher dp_;
   std::mutex mutex_;
   std::queue<arg_tuple_t> queue_;
+  std::size_t max_queued_events_ = 4096;
   const std::thread::id main_tid_ = std::this_thread::get_id();
   // cache functor for signal emission to avoid recreating it on each event
   const slot_t cached_fn_ = make_slot();

include/util/audio_backend.hpp

@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
 
 namespace waybar::util {
 
+enum class PulseaudioTarget {
+  Sink,
+  Source,
+};
+
 class AudioBackend {
  private:
   static void subscribeCb(pa_context*, pa_subscription_event_type_t, uint32_t, void*);
@@ -92,6 +97,10 @@ class AudioBackend {
   void toggleSourceMute();
   void toggleSourceMute(bool);
 
+  uint16_t getVolume(PulseaudioTarget) const;
+  bool getMuted(PulseaudioTarget) const;
+  void unmute(PulseaudioTarget);
+
   bool isBluetooth();
 };
 

include/util/command.hpp

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ extern std::list<pid_t> reap;
 
 namespace waybar::util::command {
 
+constexpr int kExecFailureExitCode = 127;
+
 struct res {
   int exit_code;
   std::string out;
@@ -114,7 +116,9 @@ inline FILE* open(const std::string& cmd, int& pid, const std::string& output_na
       setenv("WAYBAR_OUTPUT_NAME", output_name.c_str(), 1);
     }
     execlp("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", cmd.c_str(), (char*)0);
-    exit(0);
+    const int saved_errno = errno;
+    spdlog::error("execlp(/bin/sh) failed in open: {}", strerror(saved_errno));
+    _exit(kExecFailureExitCode);
   } else {
     ::close(fd[1]);
   }
@@ -162,7 +166,9 @@ inline int32_t forkExec(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& output_name)
       setenv("WAYBAR_OUTPUT_NAME", output_name.c_str(), 1);
     }
     execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", cmd.c_str(), (char*)0);
-    exit(0);
+    const int saved_errno = errno;
+    spdlog::error("execl(/bin/sh) failed in forkExec: {}", strerror(saved_errno));
+    _exit(kExecFailureExitCode);
   } else {
     reap_mtx.lock();
     reap.push_back(pid);

include/util/css_reload_helper.hpp

@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ struct pollfd;
 namespace waybar {
 class CssReloadHelper {
  public:
-  CssReloadHelper(std::string cssFile, std::function<void()> callback);
+  CssReloadHelper(std::string cssFile, std::function<void(const std::string&)> callback);
 
   virtual ~CssReloadHelper() = default;
 
   virtual void monitorChanges();
 
+  virtual void changeCssFile(const std::string& newCssFile);
+
  protected:
   std::vector<std::string> parseImports(const std::string& cssFile);
 
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ class CssReloadHelper {
  private:
   std::string m_cssFile;
 
-  std::function<void()> m_callback;
+  std::function<void(const std::string&)> m_callback;
 
   std::vector<std::tuple<Glib::RefPtr<Gio::FileMonitor>>> m_fileMonitors;
 };

include/util/hex_checker.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+/**
+ * Result of transforming 8-bit hex codes to rgba().
+ */
+struct TransformResult {
+  std::string css;
+  bool was_transformed;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Reads a CSS file, searches for 8-bit hex codes (#RRGGBBAA),
+ * and transforms them into GTK-compatible rgba() syntax.
+ */
+TransformResult transform_8bit_to_hex(const std::string& file_path);

include/util/json.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <codecvt>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <locale>
+#include <memory>
 #include <regex>
 
 #if (FMT_VERSION >= 90000)
@@ -26,14 +27,19 @@ class JsonParser {
     Json::Value root;
 
     // replace all occurrences of "\x" with "\u00", because JSON doesn't allow "\x" escape sequences
-    std::string modifiedJsonStr = replaceHexadecimalEscape(jsonStr);
+    std::string modifiedJsonStr;
+    const std::string* json = &jsonStr;
+    if (jsonStr.find("\\x") != std::string::npos) {
+      modifiedJsonStr = replaceHexadecimalEscape(jsonStr);
+      json = &modifiedJsonStr;
+    }
 
-    std::istringstream jsonStream(modifiedJsonStr);
     std::string errs;
     // Use local CharReaderBuilder for thread safety - the IPC singleton's
     // parser can be called concurrently from multiple module threads
     Json::CharReaderBuilder readerBuilder;
-    if (!Json::parseFromStream(readerBuilder, jsonStream, &root, &errs)) {
+    auto reader = std::unique_ptr<Json::CharReader>(readerBuilder.newCharReader());
+    if (!reader->parse(json->data(), json->data() + json->size(), &root, &errs)) {
       throw std::runtime_error("Error parsing JSON: " + errs);
     }
     return root;

include/util/scoped_fd.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace waybar::util {
+
+class ScopedFd {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedFd(int fd = -1) : fd_(fd) {}
+  ~ScopedFd() {
+    if (fd_ != -1) {
+      close(fd_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ScopedFd is non-copyable
+  ScopedFd(const ScopedFd&) = delete;
+  ScopedFd& operator=(const ScopedFd&) = delete;
+
+  // ScopedFd is moveable
+  ScopedFd(ScopedFd&& other) noexcept : fd_(other.fd_) { other.fd_ = -1; }
+  ScopedFd& operator=(ScopedFd&& other) noexcept {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      if (fd_ != -1) {
+        close(fd_);
+      }
+      fd_ = other.fd_;
+      other.fd_ = -1;
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  int get() const { return fd_; }
+
+  operator int() const { return fd_; }
+
+  void reset(int fd = -1) {
+    if (fd_ != -1) {
+      close(fd_);
+    }
+    fd_ = fd;
+  }
+
+  int release() {
+    int fd = fd_;
+    fd_ = -1;
+    return fd;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int fd_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace waybar::util

include/util/sleeper_thread.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <ctime>
@@ -31,8 +32,8 @@ class SleeperThread {
 
   SleeperThread(std::function<void()> func)
       : thread_{[this, func] {
-          while (do_run_) {
-            signal_ = false;
+          while (do_run_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+            signal_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
             func();
           }
         }} {
@@ -42,9 +43,18 @@ class SleeperThread {
   }
 
   SleeperThread& operator=(std::function<void()> func) {
+    if (thread_.joinable()) {
+      stop();
+      thread_.join();
+    }
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lck(mutex_);
+      do_run_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+      signal_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
     thread_ = std::thread([this, func] {
-      while (do_run_) {
-        signal_ = false;
+      while (do_run_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+        signal_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
         func();
       }
     });
@@ -56,24 +66,34 @@ class SleeperThread {
     return *this;
   }
 
-  bool isRunning() const { return do_run_; }
+  bool isRunning() const { return do_run_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); }
 
   auto sleep() {
     std::unique_lock lk(mutex_);
     CancellationGuard cancel_lock;
-    return condvar_.wait(lk, [this] { return signal_ || !do_run_; });
+    return condvar_.wait(lk, [this] {
+      return signal_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) || !do_run_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    });
   }
 
   auto sleep_for(std::chrono::system_clock::duration dur) {
     std::unique_lock lk(mutex_);
     CancellationGuard cancel_lock;
+
+    condvar_.wait(lk, [this] {
+      return !is_paused_ || signal_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) ||
+             !do_run_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    });
+
     constexpr auto max_time_point = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point::max();
     auto wait_end = max_time_point;
     auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     if (now < max_time_point - dur) {
       wait_end = now + dur;
     }
-    return condvar_.wait_until(lk, wait_end, [this] { return signal_ || !do_run_; });
+    return condvar_.wait_until(lk, wait_end, [this] {
+      return signal_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) || !do_run_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    });
   }
 
   auto sleep_until(
@@ -81,22 +101,30 @@ class SleeperThread {
           time_point) {
     std::unique_lock lk(mutex_);
     CancellationGuard cancel_lock;
-    return condvar_.wait_until(lk, time_point, [this] { return signal_ || !do_run_; });
+
+    condvar_.wait(lk, [this] {
+      return !is_paused_ || signal_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) ||
+             !do_run_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    });
+
+    return condvar_.wait_until(lk, time_point, [this] {
+      return signal_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) || !do_run_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    });
   }
 
   void wake_up() {
     {
       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lck(mutex_);
-      signal_ = true;
+      signal_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
     }
     condvar_.notify_all();
   }
 
-  auto stop() {
+  void stop() {
     {
       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lck(mutex_);
-      signal_ = true;
-      do_run_ = false;
+      signal_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+      do_run_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
     }
     condvar_.notify_all();
     auto handle = thread_.native_handle();
@@ -106,6 +134,17 @@ class SleeperThread {
     }
   }
 
+  void pause() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    is_paused_ = true;
+  }
+
+  void resume() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    is_paused_ = false;
+    condvar_.notify_all();
+  }
+
   ~SleeperThread() {
     connection_.disconnect();
     stop();
@@ -118,9 +157,10 @@ class SleeperThread {
   std::thread thread_;
   std::condition_variable condvar_;
   std::mutex mutex_;
-  bool do_run_ = true;
-  bool signal_ = false;
+  std::atomic<bool> do_run_ = true;
+  std::atomic<bool> signal_ = false;
   sigc::connection connection_;
+  bool is_paused_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace waybar::util

include/util/utf8_string.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+
+namespace waybar::util {
+size_t utf8_width(const std::string& str);
+void utf8_truncate(std::string& s, const std::string& ellipsis, size_t max_len);
+}  // namespace waybar::util

man/waybar-battery.5.scd

@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ The *battery* module displays the current capacity and state (eg. charging) of y
 	default: false ++
 	Option to use the battery design capacity instead of its current maximal capacity.
 
+*full-at-plugged*: ++
+	typeof: bool ++
+	default: false ++
+	When enabled, a battery that is *Full* while the adapter is online is reported with the *Plugged* status instead of *Full* (so you can style/format it separately). Disabled by default to preserve the existing *Full* behaviour.
+
 *interval*: ++
 	typeof: integer ++
 	default: 60 ++

man/waybar-clock.5.scd

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ View all valid format options in *strftime(3)* or have a look https://en.cpprefe
 ```
 "clock": {
 	"format": "{:%H:%M}  ",
-	"format-alt": "{:%A, %B %d, %Y (%R)}  ",
+	"format-alt": "{:%A, %B %d, %Y (%R)} 󰃰 ",
 	"tooltip-format": "<tt><small>{calendar}</small></tt>",
 	"calendar": {
 		"mode"             : "year",
@@ -265,7 +265,19 @@ View all valid format options in *strftime(3)* or have a look https://en.cpprefe
 	"tooltip-format": "{tz_list}"
 }
 ```
+5. Simple calendar tooltip
 
+```
+"clock": {
+"format": "{:%H:%M}",
+"tooltip-format": "<tt>{calendar}</tt>",
+"calendar": {
+"format": {
+"today": "<span color='#ffcc66'><b>{}</b></span>"
+}
+}
+}
+```
 # STYLE
 
 - *#clock*
@@ -293,7 +305,7 @@ Example of working config
 ```
 "clock": {
 	"format": "{:%H:%M}  ",
-	"format-alt": "{:%A, %B %d, %Y (%R)}  ",
+	"format-alt": "{:%A, %B %d, %Y (%R)} 󰃰 ",
 	"tooltip-format": "\n<span size='9pt' font='WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono'>{calendar}</span>",
 	"calendar": {
 		"mode"          : "year",

man/waybar-gamemode.5.scd

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Feral Gamemode optimizations.
 
 *glyph*: ++
 	typeof: string ++
-	default:  ++
+	default: 󰊴 ++
 	The string icon to display. Only visible if *use-icon* is set to false.
 
 *icon-name*: ++
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Feral Gamemode optimizations.
 "gamemode": {
 	"format": "{glyph}",
 	"format-alt": "{glyph} {count}",
-	"glyph": "",
+	"glyph": "󰊴",
 	"hide-not-running": true,
 	"use-icon": true,
 	"icon-name": "input-gaming-symbolic",

man/waybar-hyprland-language.5.scd

@@ -38,6 +38,20 @@ Addressed by *hyprland/language*
 	typeof: array ++
 	The actions corresponding to the buttons of the menu.
 
+*tooltip*: ++
+	typeof: boolean ++
+	default: true ++
+	Enables or disables the tooltip for the language module. By default, the tooltip is enabled. Set to *false* to disable.
+
+*tooltip-format*: ++
+	typeof: string ++
+	default: {long} ++
+	Specifies the format of the tooltip when it is enabled. It follows the same format replacement rules as the *format* key.
+
+*tooltip-format-<lang>*: ++
+	typeof: string ++
+	Allows specifying a different tooltip format for each language. The *<lang>* should be replaced with the language code. This can be used to provide a custom tooltip for each language.
+
 *expand*: ++
 	typeof: bool ++
 	default: false ++
@@ -66,6 +80,28 @@ Addressed by *hyprland/language*
 }
 ```
 
+```
+"hyprland/language": {
+	"format": "{}",
+	"format-en": "US",
+	"format-es": "ES",
+	"tooltip": true,
+	"tooltip-format": "{long}"
+}
+```
+
+```
+"hyprland/language": {
+	"format": "{}",
+	"format-en": "US",
+	"format-es": "ES",
+	"tooltip": true,
+	"tooltip-format": "{}",
+	"tooltip-format-es": "{Español}",
+	"tooltip-format-en": "{English (american)}"
+}
+```
+
 # STYLE
 
 - *#language*

man/waybar-hyprland-workspaces.5.scd

@@ -135,6 +135,14 @@ This setting is ignored if *workspace-taskbar.enable* is set to true.
 	default: false ++
 	If set to false, you can't scroll to cycle throughout workspaces from the entire bar. If set to true this behaviour is enabled.
 
+*on-scroll-up*: ++
+	typeof: string ++
+	Command to execute when scrolling up on the module. This replaces the default behaviour of workspace cycling.
+
+*on-scroll-down*: ++
+	typeof: string ++
+	Command to execute when scrolling down on the module. This replaces the default behaviour of workspace cycling.
+
 *ignore-workspaces*: ++
 	typeof: array ++
 	default: [] ++

man/waybar-memory.5.scd

@@ -102,23 +102,29 @@ Addressed by *memory*
 	default: false ++
 	Enables this module to consume all left over space dynamically.
 
+*unit*: ++
+	typeof: string ++
+	default: GiB ++
+	Used to specify unit for total, swapTotal, used, swapUsed, avail, swapAvail,
+	and swapState. Accepts B, kB, kiB, MB, MiB, GB, GiB, TB, and TiB.
+
 # FORMAT REPLACEMENTS
 
 *{percentage}*: Percentage of memory in use.
 
 *{swapPercentage}*: Percentage of swap in use.
 
-*{total}*: Amount of total memory available in GiB.
+*{total}*: Amount of total memory available. Defaults to GiB.
 
-*{swapTotal}*: Amount of total swap available in GiB.
+*{swapTotal}*: Amount of total swap available. Defaults to GiB.
 
-*{used}*: Amount of used memory in GiB.
+*{used}*: Amount of used memory. Defaults to GiB.
 
-*{swapUsed}*: Amount of used swap in GiB.
+*{swapUsed}*: Amount of used swap. Defaults to GiB.
 
-*{avail}*: Amount of available memory in GiB.
+*{avail}*: Amount of available memory. Defaults to GiB.
 
-*{swapAvail}*: Amount of available swap in GiB.
+*{swapAvail}*: Amount of available swap. Defaults to GiB.
 
 *{swapState}*: Signals if swap is activated or not
 

man/waybar-pulseaudio-slider.5.scd

@@ -32,6 +32,17 @@ The volume can be controlled by dragging the slider across the bar or clicking o
     default: false ++
     Enables this module to consume all left over space dynamically.
 
+*zero-on-mute*: ++
+    typeof: bool ++
+    default: true ++
+    `true` = The slider will be set to `min` when the source/sink is muted. ++
+    `false` = The slider will continue to show the unmuted volume level when the source/sink is muted.
+
+*unmute-on-volume-change*: ++
+    typeof: bool ++
+    default: true ++
+    Specifies whether to unmute a muted souce/sink when its volume is changed by the user moving the slider.
+
 # EXAMPLES
 
 ```
@@ -41,7 +52,9 @@ The volume can be controlled by dragging the slider across the bar or clicking o
 "pulseaudio/slider": {
     "min": 0,
     "max": 100,
-    "orientation": "horizontal"
+    "orientation": "horizontal",
+    "zero-on-mute": false,
+    "unmute-on-volume-change": false
 }
 ```
 
@@ -52,6 +65,9 @@ The slider is a component with multiple CSS Nodes, of which the following are ex
 *#pulseaudio-slider*: ++
     Controls the style of the box *around* the slider and bar.
 
+*#pulseaudio-slider.muted*: ++
+    Controls the style when the audio source/sink is muted.
+
 *#pulseaudio-slider slider*: ++
     Controls the style of the slider handle.
 
@@ -85,4 +101,8 @@ The slider is a component with multiple CSS Nodes, of which the following are ex
     border-radius: 5px;
     background: green;
 }
+
+#pulseaudio-slider.muted highlight {
+    background-color: orange;
+}
 ```

man/waybar-pulseaudio.5.scd

@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ to be selected when the corresponding audio device is muted. This applies to *de
 		"alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo": "",
 		"alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo-muted": "",
 		"headphone": "",
-		"hands-free": "",
-		"headset": "",
+		"hands-free": "󰂑",
+		"headset": "󰂑",
 		"phone": "",
 		"phone-muted": "",
 		"portable": "",

man/waybar-river-mode.5.scd

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Addressed by *river/mode*
 
 ```
 "river/mode": {
-	"format": " {}"
+	"format": " {}"
 }
 ```
 

man/waybar-styles.5.scd.in

@@ -8,13 +8,27 @@ waybar-styles - using stylesheets for waybar
 
 Waybar uses Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to configure its appearance.
 
-It uses the first file found in this search order:
+When the system appearance is light, Waybar first looks for *style-light.css*.
+When the system appearance is dark, Waybar first looks for *style-dark.css*.
+If no appearance-specific stylesheet is found, it falls back to *style.css*.
 
-- *$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/waybar/style.css*
-- *~/.config/waybar/style.css*
-- *~/waybar/style.css*
-- */etc/xdg/waybar/style.css*
-- *@sysconfdir@/xdg/waybar/style.css*
+Waybar uses the first file found in this search order for each stylesheet name:
+
+- *$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/waybar/<stylesheet>*
+- *~/.config/waybar/<stylesheet>*
+- *~/waybar/<stylesheet>*
+- */etc/xdg/waybar/<stylesheet>*
+- *@sysconfdir@/xdg/waybar/<stylesheet>*
+
+For example, a light theme is loaded from the first available file among:
+
+- *$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/waybar/style-light.css*
+- *~/.config/waybar/style-light.css*
+- *~/waybar/style-light.css*
+- */etc/xdg/waybar/style-light.css*
+- *@sysconfdir@/xdg/waybar/style-light.css*
+
+If no file is found there, Waybar repeats the same search using *style.css*.
 
 # EXAMPLE
 

man/waybar-sway-mode.5.scd

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Addressed by *sway/mode*
 
 ```
 "sway/mode": {
-	"format": " {}",
+	"format": " {}",
 	"max-length": 50
 }
 ```

man/waybar-systemd-failed-units.5.scd

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Addressed by *systemd-failed-units*
 
 *format-ok*: ++
 	typeof: string ++
-	This format is used when there is no failing units.
+	This format is used when there are no failing units.
 
 *user*: ++
 	typeof: bool ++
@@ -34,15 +34,30 @@ Addressed by *systemd-failed-units*
 *hide-on-ok*: ++
 	typeof: bool ++
 	default: *true* ++
-	Option to hide this module when there is no failing units.
+	Option to hide this module when there are no failed units.
+
+*tooltip-format*: ++
+	typeof: string ++
+	default: *System: {system_state}\nUser: {user_state}\nFailed units ({nr_failed}):\n{failed_units_list}* ++
+	Tooltip format shown when there are failed units.
+
+*tooltip-format-ok*: ++
+	typeof: string ++
+	default: *System: {system_state}\nUser: {user_state}* ++
+	Tooltip format used when there are no failed units.
+
+*tooltip-unit-format*: ++
+	typeof: string ++
+	default: *{name}: {description}* ++
+	Format used to render each failed unit inside the tooltip. Each item is prefixed with a bullet.
 
 *menu*: ++
 	typeof: string ++
-	Action that popups the menu.
+	Action that pops up the menu.
 
 *menu-file*: ++
 	typeof: string ++
-	Location of the menu descriptor file. There need to be an element of type
+	Location of the menu descriptor file. There needs to be an element of type
 	GtkMenu with id *menu*
 
 *menu-actions*: ++
@@ -62,11 +77,23 @@ Addressed by *systemd-failed-units*
 
 *{nr_failed}*: Number of total failed units.
 
-*{systemd_state}:* State of the systemd system session
+*{system_state}:* State of the systemd system session.
 
-*{user_state}:* State of the systemd user session
+*{user_state}:* State of the systemd user session.
 
-*{overall_state}:* Overall state of the systemd and user session. ("Ok" or "Degraded")
+*{overall_state}:* Overall state of the systemd and user session. ("ok" or "degraded")
+
+*{failed_units_list}:* Bulleted list of failed units using *tooltip-unit-format*. Empty when
+there are no failed units.
+
+The *tooltip-unit-format* string supports the following replacements:
+
+*{name}*: Unit name ++
+*{description}*: Unit description ++
+*{load_state}*: Unit load state ++
+*{active_state}*: Unit active state ++
+*{sub_state}*: Unit sub state ++
+*{scope}*: Either *system* or *user* depending on where the unit originated
 
 # EXAMPLES
 
@@ -77,6 +104,8 @@ Addressed by *systemd-failed-units*
 	"format-ok": "✓",
 	"system": true,
 	"user": false,
+	"tooltip-format": "{nr_failed} failed units:\n{failed_units_list}",
+	"tooltip-unit-format": "{scope}: {name} ({active_state})",
 }
 ```
 

man/waybar-wireplumber.5.scd

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ The *wireplumber* module displays the current volume reported by WirePlumber.
 ```
 "wireplumber#sink": {
     "format": "{volume}% {icon}",
-    "format-muted": "",
+    "format-muted": "󰅶",
     "format-icons": ["", "", ""],
     "on-click": "helvum",
     "on-click-right": "wpctl set-mute @DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@ toggle",

man/waybar-wlr-taskbar.5.scd

@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ Addressed by *wlr/taskbar*
 	default: false ++
 	If set to true, group tasks by their app_id. Cannot be used with 'active-first'.
 
+*expand*: ++
+	typeof: bool ++
+	default: false ++
+	If set to true, task buttons stretch to fill the available space in the taskbar and long titles are ellipsized to fit. Only takes effect on a horizontal bar; on a vertical bar the buttons keep their content-based size. If set to false, buttons are sized to their content.
+
 *on-click*: ++
 	typeof: string ++
 	The action which should be triggered when clicking on the application button with the left mouse button.

man/waybar.5.scd.in

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Valid locations for this file are:
 A good starting point is the default configuration found at https://github.com/Alexays/Waybar/blob/master/resources/config.jsonc
 Also, a minimal example configuration can be found at the bottom of this man page.
 
-The visual display elements for waybar use a CSS stylesheet, see *waybar-styles(5)* for details.
+The visual display elements for waybar use a CSS stylesheet. Waybar supports *style.css* and the appearance-specific *style-light.css* and *style-dark.css* files; see *waybar-styles(5)* for details.
 
 # BAR CONFIGURATION
 
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ The visual display elements for waybar use a CSS stylesheet, see *waybar-styles(
 # MODULE FORMAT
 
 You can use PangoMarkupFormat (See https://developer.gnome.org/pango/stable/PangoMarkupFormat.html#PangoMarkupFormat).
+Tooltip appearance is generally controlled globally via CSS and cannot be truly scoped per module. Some modules (such as the clock) provide limited workarounds for customization.
 
 e.g.
 
@@ -363,6 +364,11 @@ A group may hide all but one element, showing them only on mouse hover. In order
 	default: false ++
 	Whether left click should reveal the content rather than mouse over. Note that grouped modules may still process their own on-click events.
 
+*start-expanded*: ++
+	typeof: bool ++
+	default: false ++
+	Defines whether the drawer should initialize in an expanded state.
+
 *transition-left-to-right*: ++
 	typeof: bool ++
 	default: true ++

meson.build

@@ -185,7 +185,9 @@ src_files = files(
     'src/util/gtk_icon.cpp',
     'src/util/icon_loader.cpp',
     'src/util/regex_collection.cpp',
-    'src/util/css_reload_helper.cpp'
+    'src/util/css_reload_helper.cpp',
+    'src/util/transform_8bit_to_rgba.cpp',
+    'src/util/utf8_string.cpp'
 )
 
 man_files = files(

meson_options.txt

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ option('dbusmenu-gtk', type: 'feature', value: 'auto', description: 'Enable supp
 option('man-pages', type: 'feature', value: 'auto', description: 'Generate and install man pages')
 option('mpd', type: 'feature', value: 'auto', description: 'Enable support for the Music Player Daemon')
 option('rfkill', type: 'feature', value: 'auto', description: 'Enable support for RFKILL')
-option('sndio', type: 'feature', value: 'auto', description: 'Enable support for sndio')
+option('sndio', type: 'feature', value: 'auto', description: 'Enable support for volume control via sndio')
 option('logind', type: 'feature', value: 'auto', description: 'Enable support for logind')
 option('tests', type: 'feature', value: 'auto', description: 'Enable tests')
 option('experimental', type : 'boolean', value : false, description: 'Enable experimental features')

nix/default.nix

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 }:
 let
   libcava = rec {
-    version = "0.10.7-beta";
+    version = "0.10.7";
     src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
       owner = "LukashonakV";
       repo = "cava";
       # NOTE: Needs to match the cava.wrap
-      tag = "v${version}";
-      hash = "sha256-IX1B375gTwVDRjpRfwKGuzTAZOV2pgDWzUd4bW2cTDU=";
+      tag = "${version}";
+      hash = "sha256-zkyj1vBzHtoypX4Bxdh1Vmwh967DKKxN751v79hzmgQ=";
     };
   };
 in

resources/config.jsonc

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
         "critical-threshold": 80,
         // "format-critical": "{temperatureC}°C {icon}",
         "format": "{temperatureC}°C {icon}",
-        "format-icons": ["", "", ""]
+        "format-icons": ["󰉬", "", "󰉪"]
     },
     "backlight": {
         // "device": "acpi_video1",
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
         },
         "format": "{capacity}% {icon}",
         "format-full": "{capacity}% {icon}",
-        "format-charging": "{capacity}% ",
+        "format-charging": "{capacity}% 󰃨",
         "format-plugged": "{capacity}% ",
         "format-alt": "{time} {icon}",
         // "format-good": "", // An empty format will hide the module
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@
     "network": {
         // "interface": "wlp2*", // (Optional) To force the use of this interface
         "format-wifi": "{essid} ({signalStrength}%) ",
-        "format-ethernet": "{ipaddr}/{cidr} ",
-        "tooltip-format": "{ifname} via {gwaddr} ",
-        "format-linked": "{ifname} (No IP) ",
+        "format-ethernet": "{ipaddr}/{cidr} 󰊗",
+        "tooltip-format": "{ifname} via {gwaddr} 󰊗",
+        "format-linked": "{ifname} (No IP) 󰊗",
         "format-disconnected": "Disconnected ⚠",
         "format-alt": "{ifname}: {ipaddr}/{cidr}"
     },
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@
         // "scroll-step": 1, // %, can be a float
         "format": "{volume}% {icon} {format_source}",
         "format-bluetooth": "{volume}% {icon} {format_source}",
-        "format-bluetooth-muted": " {icon} {format_source}",
-        "format-muted": " {format_source}",
+        "format-bluetooth-muted": "󰅶 {icon} {format_source}",
+        "format-muted": "󰅶 {format_source}",
         "format-source": "{volume}% ",
         "format-source-muted": "",
         "format-icons": {
             "headphone": "",
-            "hands-free": "",
-            "headset": "",
+            "hands-free": "󰂑",
+            "headset": "󰂑",
             "phone": "",
             "portable": "",
             "car": "",

resources/custom_modules/mediaplayer.py

@@ -112,17 +112,19 @@ class PlayerManager:
         logger.debug(f"Metadata changed for player {player.props.player_name}")
         player_name = player.props.player_name
         artist = player.get_artist()
-        artist = artist.replace("&", "&")
+        artist = artist and artist.replace("&", "&")
         title = player.get_title()
-        title = title.replace("&", "&")
+        title = title and title.replace("&", "&")
 
         track_info = ""
         if player_name == "spotify" and "mpris:trackid" in metadata.keys() and ":ad:" in player.props.metadata["mpris:trackid"]:
             track_info = "Advertisement"
         elif artist is not None and title is not None:
             track_info = f"{artist} - {title}"
-        else:
+        elif title is not None:
             track_info = title
+        elif artist is not None:
+            track_info = artist
 
         if track_info:
             if player.props.status == "Playing":

src/AAppIconLabel.cpp

@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ std::string toLowerCase(const std::string& input) {
 
 std::optional<std::string> getFileBySuffix(const std::string& dir, const std::string& suffix,
                                            bool check_lower_case) {
-  if (!std::filesystem::exists(dir)) {
-    return {};
-  }
+  try {
     for (const auto& entry : std::filesystem::recursive_directory_iterator(dir)) {
       if (entry.is_regular_file()) {
         std::string filename = entry.path().filename().string();
@@ -49,6 +47,8 @@ std::optional<std::string> getFileBySuffix(const std::string& dir, const std::st
         }
       }
     }
+  } catch (const std::filesystem::filesystem_error&) {
+  }
 
   return {};
 }

src/ALabel.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ALabel::ALabel(const Json::Value& config, const std::string& name, const std::st
                     : std::chrono::milliseconds(
                           (config_["interval"].isNumeric()
                                ? std::max(1L,  // Minimum 1ms due to millisecond precision
-                                          static_cast<long>(config_["interval"].asDouble()) * 1000)
+                                          static_cast<long>(config_["interval"].asDouble() * 1000))
                                : 1000 * (long)interval))),
       default_format_(format_) {
   label_.set_name(name);
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ ALabel::ALabel(const Json::Value& config, const std::string& name, const std::st
         g_object_unref(builder);
         throw std::runtime_error("Failed to get 'menu' object from GtkBuilder");
       }
+      // Keep the menu alive after dropping the transient GtkBuilder.
+      g_object_ref(menu_);
       submenus_ = std::map<std::string, GtkMenuItem*>();
       menuActionsMap_ = std::map<std::string, std::string>();
 
@@ -137,6 +139,26 @@ ALabel::ALabel(const Json::Value& config, const std::string& name, const std::st
 
 auto ALabel::update() -> void { AModule::update(); }
 
+bool ALabel::setLabelMarkup(const Glib::ustring& markup) {
+  if (last_label_markup_ == markup) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  label_.set_markup(markup);
+  last_label_markup_ = markup;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ALabel::setTooltipMarkup(const Glib::ustring& markup) {
+  if (last_tooltip_markup_ == markup) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  label_.set_tooltip_markup(markup);
+  last_tooltip_markup_ = markup;
+  return true;
+}
+
 std::string ALabel::getIcon(uint16_t percentage, const std::string& alt, uint16_t max) {
   auto format_icons = config_["format-icons"];
   if (format_icons.isObject()) {

src/AModule.cpp

@@ -17,10 +17,14 @@ AModule::AModule(const Json::Value& config, const std::string& name, const std::
       isTooltip{config_["tooltip"].isBool() ? config_["tooltip"].asBool() : true},
       isExpand{config_["expand"].isBool() ? config_["expand"].asBool() : false},
       distance_scrolled_y_(0.0),
-      distance_scrolled_x_(0.0) {
+      distance_scrolled_x_(0.0),
+      cursor_timeout_conn_() {
   // Configure module action Map
   const Json::Value actions{config_["actions"]};
 
+  disable_on_sleep_ =
+      config_["disable-on-sleep"].isBool() ? config_["disable-on-sleep"].asBool() : false;
+
   for (Json::Value::const_iterator it = actions.begin(); it != actions.end(); ++it) {
     if (it.key().isString() && it->isString())
       if (!eventActionMap_.contains(it.key().asString())) {
@@ -72,8 +76,12 @@ AModule::AModule(const Json::Value& config, const std::string& name, const std::
 
   // Respect user configuration of cursor
   if (config_.isMember("cursor")) {
-    if (config_["cursor"].isBool() && config_["cursor"].asBool()) {
+    if (config_["cursor"].isBool()) {
+      if (config_["cursor"].asBool()) {
         setCursor(Gdk::HAND2);
+      } else {
+        setCursor(Gdk::ARROW);
+      }
     } else if (config_["cursor"].isInt()) {
       setCursor(Gdk::CursorType(config_["cursor"].asInt()));
     } else {
@@ -83,11 +91,18 @@ AModule::AModule(const Json::Value& config, const std::string& name, const std::
 }
 
 AModule::~AModule() {
+  if (cursor_timeout_conn_.connected()) {
+    cursor_timeout_conn_.disconnect();
+  }
   for (const auto& pid : pid_children_) {
     if (pid != -1) {
       killpg(pid, SIGTERM);
     }
   }
+  if (menu_ != nullptr) {
+    g_object_unref(menu_);
+    menu_ = nullptr;
+  }
 }
 
 auto AModule::update() -> void {
@@ -114,7 +129,7 @@ void AModule::setCursor(Gdk::CursorType const& c) {
   } else {
     // window may not be accessible yet, in this case,
     // schedule another call for setting the cursor in 1 sec
-    Glib::signal_timeout().connect_seconds(
+    cursor_timeout_conn_ = Glib::signal_timeout().connect_seconds(
         [this, c]() {
           setCursor(c);
           return false;

src/bar.cpp

@@ -172,6 +172,10 @@ waybar::Bar::Bar(struct waybar_output* w_output, const Json::Value& w_config)
     right_.set_spacing(spacing);
   }
 
+  if (config.isMember("height") && !config["height"].isUInt()) {
+    spdlog::warn("Invalid type for 'height', expected unsigned integer");
+  }
+
   height_ = config["height"].isUInt() ? config["height"].asUInt() : 0;
   width_ = config["width"].isUInt() ? config["width"].asUInt() : 0;
 
@@ -263,6 +267,16 @@ waybar::Bar::Bar(struct waybar_output* w_output, const Json::Value& w_config)
 
   window.signal_map_event().connect_notify(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Bar::onMap));
 
+  window.signal_unmap().connect([this]() {
+    spdlog::debug("Output {} unmapped (DPMS off), suspending modules", output->name);
+    toggleSuspend(true);
+  });
+
+  window.signal_map().connect([this]() {
+    spdlog::debug("Output {} mapped (DPMS on), resuming modules", output->name);
+    toggleSuspend(false);
+  });
+
 #if HAVE_SWAY
   if (auto ipc = config["ipc"]; ipc.isBool() && ipc.asBool()) {
     bar_id = Client::inst()->bar_id;
@@ -309,6 +323,19 @@ waybar::Bar::Bar(struct waybar_output* w_output, const Json::Value& w_config)
   setupWidgets();
   window.show_all();
 
+  /*
+   * If gtk-layer-shell's synchronous wait for the initial configure timed out, show_all() can
+   * return with a configured but not-yet-presented surface. Kick GTK/layer-shell once control has
+   * returned to the main loop, when any late initial configure has been dispatched and widgets have
+   * had a chance to allocate/draw.
+   */
+  Glib::signal_idle().connect(sigc::track_obj([this] {
+    window.queue_resize();
+    window.queue_draw();
+    forceLayerCommit();
+    return false;
+  }, *this));
+
   if (spdlog::should_log(spdlog::level::debug)) {
     // Unfortunately, this function isn't in the C++ bindings, so we have to call the C version.
     char* gtk_tree = gtk_style_context_to_string(
@@ -374,7 +401,14 @@ void waybar::Bar::setMode(const struct bar_mode& mode) {
    * gtk-layer-shell schedules a commit on the next frame event in GTK, but this could fail in
    * certain scenarios, such as fully occluded bar.
    */
+  forceLayerCommit();
+}
+
+void waybar::Bar::forceLayerCommit() {
+  auto* gtk_window = window.gobj();
+  if (gtk_window != nullptr && gtk_widget_get_realized(GTK_WIDGET(gtk_window))) {
     gtk_layer_try_force_commit(gtk_window);
+  }
   wl_display_flush(Client::inst()->wl_display);
 }
 
@@ -541,13 +575,15 @@ void waybar::Bar::getModules(const Factory& factory, const std::string& pos,
           auto vertical = (group != nullptr ? group->getBox().get_orientation()
                                             : box_.get_orientation()) == Gtk::ORIENTATION_VERTICAL;
 
-          auto group_config = config[ref];
+          const Json::Value& group_config = config[ref];
           if (group_config["modules"].isNull()) {
             spdlog::warn("Group definition '{}' has not been found, group will be hidden", ref);
           }
-          auto* group_module = new waybar::Group(id_name, class_name, group_config, vertical);
-          getModules(factory, ref, group_module);
-          module = group_module;
+          auto group_module =
+              std::make_unique<waybar::Group>(id_name, class_name, group_config, vertical);
+
+          getModules(factory, ref, group_module.get());
+          module = group_module.release();
         } else {
           module = factory.makeModule(ref, pos);
         }
@@ -650,6 +686,17 @@ void waybar::Bar::onConfigure(GdkEventConfigure* ev) {
 
   configureGlobalOffset(ev->width, ev->height);
   spdlog::info(BAR_SIZE_MSG, ev->width, ev->height, output->name);
+
+  /*
+   * gtk-layer-shell waits for the compositor's initial configure while realizing the window. On a
+   * busy compositor (common during session startup) that wait can time out even though the initial
+   * configure arrives shortly afterwards. In that case GTK may not schedule the frame commit that
+   * presents the first layer-surface buffer, leaving an otherwise configured bar invisible. Force a
+   * commit after every configure so late initial configures, and later compositor-driven resizes,
+   * always result in a submitted surface state.
+   */
+  window.queue_draw();
+  forceLayerCommit();
 }
 
 void waybar::Bar::configureGlobalOffset(int width, int height) {
@@ -694,3 +741,22 @@ void waybar::Bar::configureGlobalOffset(int width, int height) {
 void waybar::Bar::onOutputGeometryChanged() {
   configureGlobalOffset(window.get_width(), window.get_height());
 }
+
+void waybar::Bar::toggleSuspend(bool suspend) {
+  auto process_modules = [suspend](Gtk::Box& module_box) {
+    for (auto* widget : module_box.get_children()) {
+      auto* module = dynamic_cast<waybar::AModule*>(widget);
+      if (module && module->shouldSuspend()) {
+        if (suspend) {
+          module->suspend();
+        } else {
+          module->resume();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  process_modules(left_);
+  process_modules(center_);
+  process_modules(right_);
+}

src/client.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "idle-inhibit-unstable-v1-client-protocol.h"
 #include "util/clara.hpp"
 #include "util/format.hpp"
+#include "util/hex_checker.hpp"
 
 waybar::Client* waybar::Client::inst() {
   static auto* c = new Client();
@@ -19,11 +20,23 @@ waybar::Client* waybar::Client::inst() {
 void waybar::Client::handleGlobal(void* data, struct wl_registry* registry, uint32_t name,
                                   const char* interface, uint32_t version) {
   auto* client = static_cast<Client*>(data);
+
   if (strcmp(interface, zxdg_output_manager_v1_interface.name) == 0 &&
       version >= ZXDG_OUTPUT_V1_NAME_SINCE_VERSION) {
+    if (client->xdg_output_manager != nullptr) {
+      zxdg_output_manager_v1_destroy(client->xdg_output_manager);
+      client->xdg_output_manager = nullptr;
+    }
+
     client->xdg_output_manager = static_cast<struct zxdg_output_manager_v1*>(wl_registry_bind(
         registry, name, &zxdg_output_manager_v1_interface, ZXDG_OUTPUT_V1_NAME_SINCE_VERSION));
+
   } else if (strcmp(interface, zwp_idle_inhibit_manager_v1_interface.name) == 0) {
+    if (client->idle_inhibit_manager != nullptr) {
+      zwp_idle_inhibit_manager_v1_destroy(client->idle_inhibit_manager);
+      client->idle_inhibit_manager = nullptr;
+    }
+
     client->idle_inhibit_manager = static_cast<struct zwp_idle_inhibit_manager_v1*>(
         wl_registry_bind(registry, name, &zwp_idle_inhibit_manager_v1_interface, 1));
   }
@@ -78,11 +91,14 @@ void waybar::Client::handleOutputDone(void* data, struct zxdg_output_v1* /*xdg_o
       output.xdg_output.reset();
       spdlog::debug("Output detection done: {} ({})", output.name, output.identifier);
 
-      auto configs = client->getOutputConfigs(output);
-      if (!configs.empty()) {
-        for (const auto& config : configs) {
-          client->bars.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Bar>(&output, config));
-        }
+      client->pending_outputs_.push_back(&output);
+
+      if (!client->bars_scheduled_) {
+        client->bars_scheduled_ = true;
+
+        Glib::signal_idle().connect_once([client]() {
+          client->createBarsBatch();
+        }, Glib::PRIORITY_HIGH_IDLE);
       }
     }
   } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -90,6 +106,25 @@ void waybar::Client::handleOutputDone(void* data, struct zxdg_output_v1* /*xdg_o
   }
 }
 
+void waybar::Client::createBarsBatch() {
+  pending_outputs_.remove_if([this](auto* output) { return std::none_of(outputs_.begin(), outputs_.end(), [&output](const auto& o) { return &o == output; }); });
+  for (auto* output : pending_outputs_) {
+    try {
+      auto configs = getOutputConfigs(*output);
+      if (!configs.empty()) {
+        for (const auto& config : configs) {
+          bars.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Bar>(output, config));
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+      spdlog::warn("Error creating bar: {}", e.what());
+    }
+  }
+
+  pending_outputs_.clear();
+  bars_scheduled_ = false;
+}
+
 void waybar::Client::handleOutputName(void* data, struct zxdg_output_v1* /*xdg_output*/,
                                       const char* name) {
   auto* client = waybar::Client::inst();
@@ -194,11 +229,15 @@ auto waybar::Client::setupCss(const std::string& css_file) -> void {
   }
 
   css_provider_ = Gtk::CssProvider::create();
+  auto [modified_css, was_transformed] = transform_8bit_to_hex(css_file);
+  if (was_transformed) {
+    css_provider_->load_from_data(modified_css);
+  } else {
     if (!css_provider_->load_from_path(css_file)) {
       css_provider_.reset();
       throw std::runtime_error("Can't open style file");
     }
-
+  }
   Gtk::StyleContext::add_provider_for_screen(screen, css_provider_,
                                              GTK_STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_USER);
 }
@@ -289,9 +328,10 @@ int waybar::Client::main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
   }
   m_cssFile = getStyle(style_opt);
   setupCss(m_cssFile);
-  m_cssReloadHelper = std::make_unique<CssReloadHelper>(m_cssFile, [&]() { setupCss(m_cssFile); });
+  m_cssReloadHelper = std::make_unique<CssReloadHelper>(m_cssFile, [&](const std::string& css_file) { setupCss(css_file); });
   portal->signal_appearance_changed().connect([&](waybar::Appearance appearance) {
     auto css_file = getStyle(style_opt, appearance);
+    m_cssReloadHelper->changeCssFile(css_file);
     setupCss(css_file);
   });
 

src/group.cpp

@@ -64,11 +64,19 @@ Group::Group(const std::string& name, const std::string& id, const Json::Value&
                                     : true);
     click_to_reveal = drawer_config["click-to-reveal"].asBool();
 
+    const bool start_expanded =
+        (drawer_config["start-expanded"].isBool() ? drawer_config["start-expanded"].asBool()
+                                                  : false);
+
     auto transition_type = getPreferredTransitionType(vertical);
 
     revealer.set_transition_type(transition_type);
     revealer.set_transition_duration(transition_duration);
-    revealer.set_reveal_child(false);
+    revealer.set_reveal_child(start_expanded);
+
+    if (start_expanded) {
+      box.set_state_flags(Gtk::StateFlags::STATE_FLAG_PRELIGHT);
+    }
 
     revealer.get_style_context()->add_class("drawer");
 

src/main.cpp

@@ -55,9 +55,11 @@ static void catchSignals(waybar::SafeSignal<int>& signal_handler) {
   std::signal(SIGINT, writeSignalToPipe);
   std::signal(SIGCHLD, writeSignalToPipe);
 
+#ifdef SIGRTMIN
   for (int sig = SIGRTMIN + 1; sig <= SIGRTMAX; ++sig) {
     std::signal(sig, writeSignalToPipe);
   }
+#endif
 
   while (true) {
     int signum;
@@ -119,12 +121,14 @@ void handleUserSignal(int signal, bool& reload) {
 // If this signal should restart or close the bar, this function will write
 // `true` or `false`, respectively, into `reload`.
 static void handleSignalMainThread(int signum, bool& reload) {
+#ifdef SIGRTMIN
   if (signum >= SIGRTMIN + 1 && signum <= SIGRTMAX) {
     for (auto& bar : waybar::Client::inst()->bars) {
       bar->handleSignal(signum);
     }
     return;
   }
+#endif
   
   switch (signum) {
     case SIGUSR1:

src/modules/battery.cpp

@@ -117,17 +117,16 @@ void waybar::modules::Battery::refreshBatteries() {
       if (((bat_defined && dir_name == config_["bat"].asString()) || !bat_defined) &&
           (fs::exists(node.path() / "capacity") || fs::exists(node.path() / "charge_now")) &&
           fs::exists(node.path() / "uevent") &&
-          (fs::exists(node.path() / "status") || bat_compatibility) &&
-          fs::exists(node.path() / "type")) {
+          (fs::exists(node.path() / "status") || bat_compatibility)) {
         std::string type;
-        std::ifstream(node.path() / "type") >> type;
-
-        if (!type.compare("Battery")) {
+        if (std::ifstream{node.path() / "type"} >> type && !type.compare("Battery")) {
           // Ignore non-system power supplies unless explicitly requested
-          if (!bat_defined && fs::exists(node.path() / "scope")) {
+          if (!bat_defined) {
             std::string scope;
-            std::ifstream(node.path() / "scope") >> scope;
-            if (g_ascii_strcasecmp(scope.data(), "device") == 0) {
+            // for hotplug-in device, access it is always unstable because you may remove the
+            // device anytime so just allow failure happen and do nothing
+            if (std::ifstream{node.path() / "scope"} >> scope &&
+                g_ascii_strcasecmp(scope.data(), "device") == 0) {
               continue;
             }
           }
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@ void waybar::modules::Battery::refreshBatteries() {
       }
     }
   } catch (fs::filesystem_error& e) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(e.what());
+    spdlog::warn("Battery directory tracking failed: {}", e.what());
   }
   if (warnFirstTime_ && batteries_.empty()) {
     if (config_["bat"].isString()) {
@@ -275,11 +274,11 @@ waybar::modules::Battery::getInfos() {
       auto bat = item.first;
       std::string _status;
 
-      /* Check for adapter status if battery is not available */
-      if (!std::ifstream(bat / "status")) {
+      {
+        std::ifstream f{bat / "status"};
+        if (!std::getline(f, _status)) {
           std::getline(std::ifstream(adapter_ / "status"), _status);
-      } else {
-        std::getline(std::ifstream(bat / "status"), _status);
+        }
       }
 
       // Some battery will report current and charge in μA/μAh.
@@ -288,64 +287,74 @@ waybar::modules::Battery::getInfos() {
       uint32_t current_now = 0;
       int32_t _current_now_int = 0;
       bool current_now_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "current_now")) {
+      if (std::ifstream current_now_f{bat / "current_now"}) {
+        if (current_now_f >> _current_now_int) {
           current_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "current_now") >> _current_now_int;
-      } else if (fs::exists(bat / "current_avg")) {
+        }
+      } else if (std::ifstream current_avg_f{bat / "current_avg"}) {
+        if (current_avg_f >> _current_now_int) {
           current_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "current_avg") >> _current_now_int;
+        }
       }
       // Documentation ABI allows a negative value when discharging, positive
       // value when charging.
       current_now = std::abs(_current_now_int);
 
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "time_to_empty_now")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "time_to_empty_now"}) {
+        if (f >> time_to_empty_now) {
           time_to_empty_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "time_to_empty_now") >> time_to_empty_now;
+        }
       }
 
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "time_to_full_now")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "time_to_full_now"}) {
+        if (f >> time_to_full_now) {
           time_to_full_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "time_to_full_now") >> time_to_full_now;
+        }
       }
 
       uint32_t voltage_now = 0;
       bool voltage_now_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "voltage_now")) {
+      if (std::ifstream voltage_now_f{bat / "voltage_now"}) {
+        if (voltage_now_f >> voltage_now) {
           voltage_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "voltage_now") >> voltage_now;
-      } else if (fs::exists(bat / "voltage_avg")) {
+        }
+      } else if (std::ifstream voltage_avg_f{bat / "voltage_avg"}) {
+        if (voltage_avg_f >> voltage_now) {
           voltage_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "voltage_avg") >> voltage_now;
+        }
       }
 
       uint32_t charge_full = 0;
       bool charge_full_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "charge_full")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "charge_full"}) {
+        if (f >> charge_full) {
           charge_full_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "charge_full") >> charge_full;
+        }
       }
 
       uint32_t charge_full_design = 0;
       bool charge_full_design_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "charge_full_design")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "charge_full_design"}) {
+        if (f >> charge_full_design) {
           charge_full_design_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "charge_full_design") >> charge_full_design;
+        }
       }
 
       uint32_t charge_now = 0;
       bool charge_now_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "charge_now")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "charge_now"}) {
+        if (f >> charge_now) {
           charge_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "charge_now") >> charge_now;
+        }
       }
 
       uint32_t power_now = 0;
       int32_t _power_now_int = 0;
       bool power_now_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "power_now")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "power_now"}) {
+        if (f >> _power_now_int) {
           power_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "power_now") >> _power_now_int;
+        }
       }
       // Some drivers (example: Qualcomm) exposes use a negative value when
       // discharging, positive value when charging.
@@ -353,28 +362,31 @@ waybar::modules::Battery::getInfos() {
 
       uint32_t energy_now = 0;
       bool energy_now_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "energy_now")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "energy_now"}) {
+        if (f >> energy_now) {
           energy_now_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "energy_now") >> energy_now;
+        }
       }
 
       uint32_t energy_full = 0;
       bool energy_full_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "energy_full")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "energy_full"}) {
+        if (f >> energy_full) {
           energy_full_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "energy_full") >> energy_full;
+        }
       }
 
       uint32_t energy_full_design = 0;
       bool energy_full_design_exists = false;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "energy_full_design")) {
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "energy_full_design"}) {
+        if (f >> energy_full_design) {
           energy_full_design_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "energy_full_design") >> energy_full_design;
+        }
       }
 
       uint16_t cycleCount = 0;
-      if (fs::exists(bat / "cycle_count")) {
-        std::ifstream(bat / "cycle_count") >> cycleCount;
+      if (std::ifstream f{bat / "cycle_count"}) {
+        f >> cycleCount;
       }
       if (charge_full_design >= largestDesignCapacity) {
         largestDesignCapacity = charge_full_design;
@@ -404,9 +416,10 @@ waybar::modules::Battery::getInfos() {
       } else if (energy_now_exists && energy_full_exists && energy_full != 0) {
         capacity_exists = true;
         capacity = 100 * (uint64_t)energy_now / (uint64_t)energy_full;
-      } else if (fs::exists(bat / "capacity")) {
+      } else if (std::ifstream f{bat / "capacity"}) {
+        if (f >> capacity) {
           capacity_exists = true;
-        std::ifstream(bat / "capacity") >> capacity;
+        }
       }
 
       if (!voltage_now_exists) {
@@ -586,13 +599,14 @@ waybar::modules::Battery::getInfos() {
 
     float calculated_capacity{0.0f};
     if (total_capacity_exists) {
-      if (total_capacity > 0.0f)
+      if (total_capacity > 0.0f) {
         calculated_capacity = (float)total_capacity / batteries_.size();
-      else if (total_energy_full_exists && total_energy_exists) {
-        if (total_energy_full > 0.0f)
+      } else if (total_energy_full_exists && total_energy_exists) {
+        if (total_energy_full > 0.0f) {
           calculated_capacity = ((float)total_energy * 100.0f / (float)total_energy_full);
         }
       }
+    }
 
     // Handle weighted-average
     if (weightedAverage_ && total_energy_exists && total_energy_full_exists) {
@@ -687,13 +701,20 @@ auto waybar::modules::Battery::update() -> void {
   if (status == "Unknown") {
     status = getAdapterStatus(capacity);
   }
+  auto state = getState(capacity, true);
+  bool adapter_online = false;
+  if (!adapter_.empty()) {
+    std::ifstream(adapter_ / "online") >> adapter_online;
+  }
+  if (config_["full-at-plugged"].asBool() && status == "Full" && adapter_online) {
+    status = "Plugged";
+  }
   auto status_pretty = status;
 
   // Transform to lowercase  and replace space with dash
   std::ranges::transform(status.begin(), status.end(), status.begin(),
                          [](char ch) { return ch == ' ' ? '-' : std::tolower(ch); });
   auto format = format_;
-  auto state = getState(capacity, true);
   processEvents(state, status, capacity);
   setBarClass(state);
   auto time_remaining_formatted = formatTimeRemaining(time_remaining);

src/modules/cffi.cpp

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ CFFI::CFFI(const std::string& name, const std::string& id, const Json::Value& co
 
   // Prepare config_entries array
   std::vector<ffi::wbcffi_config_entry> config_entries;
+  config_entries.reserve(keys.size());
   for (size_t i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++) {
     config_entries.push_back({keys[i].c_str(), config_entries_stringstor[i].c_str()});
   }

src/modules/clock.cpp

@@ -402,8 +402,13 @@ auto waybar::modules::Clock::get_calendar(const year_month_day& today, const yea
               data = g_utf8_find_next_char(data, end);
             }
           }
+          // Note: the stream's default fill character is already a space (L' ' on
+          // libstdc++'s wide FormatStream, ' ' on libc++'s narrow one), so no
+          // std::setfill is needed. Passing std::setfill(' ')/std::setfill(L' ')
+          // here is not portable because the fill char type must match the
+          // FormatStream's char type, which differs between standard libraries.
           os << Glib::ustring::format(
-              (cldWPos_ != WS::LEFT || line == 0) ? std::left : std::right, std::setfill(L' '),
+              (cldWPos_ != WS::LEFT || line == 0) ? std::left : std::right,
               std::setw(cldMonColLen_ + ((line < 2) ? cldWnLen_ - wideCharCount : 0)),
               calendarLine);
 

src/modules/cpu.cpp

@@ -58,9 +58,14 @@ auto waybar::modules::Cpu::update() -> void {
     label_.set_markup(fmt::vformat(format, store));
 
     if (tooltipEnabled()) {
-      if (config_["tooltip-format"].isString()) {
-        tooltip = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
-        label_.set_tooltip_markup(fmt::vformat(tooltip, store));
+      std::string tooltip_format;
+      if (!state.empty() && config_["tooltip-format-" + state].isString()) {
+        tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format-" + state].asString();
+      } else if (config_["tooltip-format"].isString()) {
+        tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
+      }
+      if (!tooltip_format.empty()) {
+        label_.set_tooltip_markup(fmt::vformat(tooltip_format, store));
       } else {
         label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltip);
       }

src/modules/cpu_frequency/linux.cpp

@@ -23,23 +23,21 @@ std::vector<float> waybar::modules::CpuFrequency::parseCpuFrequencies() {
 
   if (frequencies.size() <= 0) {
     std::string cpufreq_dir = "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq";
-    if (std::filesystem::exists(cpufreq_dir)) {
+    try {
       std::vector<std::string> frequency_files = {"/cpuinfo_min_freq", "/cpuinfo_max_freq"};
       for (auto& p : std::filesystem::directory_iterator(cpufreq_dir)) {
-        for (auto freq_file : frequency_files) {
+        for (const auto& freq_file : frequency_files) {
           std::string freq_file_path = p.path().string() + freq_file;
-          if (std::filesystem::exists(freq_file_path)) {
           std::string freq_value;
           std::ifstream freq(freq_file_path);
           if (freq.is_open()) {
             getline(freq, freq_value);
             float frequency = std::strtol(freq_value.c_str(), nullptr, 10);
             frequencies.push_back(frequency / 1000);
-              freq.close();
-            }
           }
         }
       }
+    } catch (const std::filesystem::filesystem_error&) {
     }
   }
 

src/modules/custom.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "util/scope_guard.hpp"
 
 waybar::modules::Custom::Custom(const std::string& name, const std::string& id,
@@ -37,6 +39,11 @@ waybar::modules::Custom::~Custom() {
 }
 
 void waybar::modules::Custom::delayWorker() {
+  if (!config_["exec"].isString() && !config_["exec-if"].isString()) {
+    dp.emit();
+    return;
+  }
+
   thread_ = [this] {
     for (int i : this->pid_children_) {
       int status;
@@ -136,9 +143,11 @@ void waybar::modules::Custom::waitingWorker() {
 }
 
 void waybar::modules::Custom::refresh(int sig) {
+#ifdef SIGRTMIN
   if (config_["signal"].isInt() && sig == SIGRTMIN + config_["signal"].asInt()) {
     thread_.wake_up();
   }
+#endif
 }
 
 void waybar::modules::Custom::handleEvent() {
@@ -180,17 +189,22 @@ auto waybar::modules::Custom::update() -> void {
       } else {
         label_.set_markup(str);
         if (tooltipEnabled()) {
+          std::string tooltip_markup;
           if (tooltip_format_enabled_) {
             auto tooltip = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
-            tooltip = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip), fmt::arg("text", text_),
+            tooltip_markup = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip), fmt::arg("text", text_),
                                          fmt::arg("tooltip", tooltip_), fmt::arg("alt", alt_),
                                          fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(percentage_, alt_)),
                                          fmt::arg("percentage", percentage_));
-            label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltip);
           } else if (text_ == tooltip_) {
-            label_.set_tooltip_markup(str);
+            tooltip_markup = str;
           } else {
-            label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltip_);
+            tooltip_markup = tooltip_;
+          }
+
+          if (last_tooltip_markup_ != tooltip_markup) {
+            label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltip_markup);
+            last_tooltip_markup_ = std::move(tooltip_markup);
           }
         }
         auto style = label_.get_style_context();

src/modules/disk.cpp

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Disk::update() -> void {
   ALabel::update();
 }
 
-float waybar::modules::Disk::calc_specific_divisor(std::string divisor) {
+float waybar::modules::Disk::calc_specific_divisor(const std::string& divisor) {
   if (divisor == "kB") {
     return 1000.0;
   } else if (divisor == "kiB") {

src/modules/dwl/tags.cpp

@@ -70,17 +70,33 @@ static const zdwl_ipc_output_v2_listener output_status_listener_impl{
 
 static void handle_global(void* data, struct wl_registry* registry, uint32_t name,
                           const char* interface, uint32_t version) {
+  
 if (std::strcmp(interface, zdwl_ipc_manager_v2_interface.name) == 0) {
-    static_cast<Tags*>(data)->status_manager_ = static_cast<struct zdwl_ipc_manager_v2*>(
-        (zdwl_ipc_manager_v2*)wl_registry_bind(registry, name, &zdwl_ipc_manager_v2_interface, 1));
-  }
-  if (std::strcmp(interface, wl_seat_interface.name) == 0) {
-    version = std::min<uint32_t>(version, 1);
-    static_cast<Tags*>(data)->seat_ =
-        static_cast<struct wl_seat*>(wl_registry_bind(registry, name, &wl_seat_interface, version));
-  }
+  auto* self = static_cast<Tags*>(data);
+
+  if (self->status_manager_) {
+  zdwl_ipc_manager_v2_destroy(self->status_manager_);
+  self->status_manager_ = nullptr;
 }
 
+  self->status_manager_ = static_cast<struct zdwl_ipc_manager_v2*>(
+      wl_registry_bind(registry, name, &zdwl_ipc_manager_v2_interface, 1));
+}
+
+if (std::strcmp(interface, wl_seat_interface.name) == 0) {
+  auto* self = static_cast<Tags*>(data);
+
+  if (self->seat_) {
+    wl_seat_destroy(self->seat_);
+    self->seat_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  version = std::min<uint32_t>(version, 1);
+
+  self->seat_ = static_cast<struct wl_seat*>(
+      wl_registry_bind(registry, name, &wl_seat_interface, version));
+}
+}
 static void handle_global_remove(void* data, struct wl_registry* registry, uint32_t name) {
   /* Ignore event */
 }

src/modules/hyprland/backend.cpp

@@ -9,22 +9,25 @@
 #include <sys/un.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <array>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <filesystem>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "util/scoped_fd.hpp"
+
 namespace waybar::modules::hyprland {
 
 std::filesystem::path IPC::socketFolder_;
+std::optional<bool> IPC::s_luaProtocolDetected_;
 
 std::filesystem::path IPC::getSocketFolder(const char* instanceSig) {
   static std::mutex folderMutex;
   std::unique_lock lock(folderMutex);
 
-  // socket path, specified by EventManager of Hyprland
-  if (!socketFolder_.empty()) {
-    return socketFolder_;
-  }
-
+  if (socketFolder_.empty()) {
     const char* xdgRuntimeDirEnv = std::getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
     std::filesystem::path xdgRuntimeDir;
     // Only set path if env variable is set
@@ -38,15 +41,15 @@ std::filesystem::path IPC::getSocketFolder(const char* instanceSig) {
       spdlog::warn("$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/hypr does not exist, falling back to /tmp/hypr");
       socketFolder_ = std::filesystem::path("/tmp") / "hypr";
     }
+  }
 
-  socketFolder_ = socketFolder_ / instanceSig;
-  return socketFolder_;
+  return socketFolder_ / instanceSig;
 }
 
 IPC::IPC() {
   // will start IPC and relay events to parseIPC
-  ipcThread_ = std::thread([this]() { socketListener(); });
   socketOwnerPid_ = getpid();
+  ipcThread_ = std::thread([this]() { socketListener(); });
 }
 
 IPC::~IPC() {
@@ -54,20 +57,21 @@ IPC::~IPC() {
   // failed exec()) exits.
   if (getpid() != socketOwnerPid_) return;
 
-  running_ = false;
+  running_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
   spdlog::info("Hyprland IPC stopping...");
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(socketMutex_);
     if (socketfd_ != -1) {
       spdlog::trace("Shutting down socket");
-    if (shutdown(socketfd_, SHUT_RDWR) == -1) {
+      if (shutdown(socketfd_, SHUT_RDWR) == -1 && errno != ENOTCONN) {
         spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't shutdown socket");
       }
-    spdlog::trace("Closing socket");
-    if (close(socketfd_) == -1) {
-      spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't close socket");
     }
   }
+  if (ipcThread_.joinable()) {
     ipcThread_.join();
   }
+}
 
 IPC& IPC::inst() {
   static IPC ipc;
@@ -85,10 +89,10 @@ void IPC::socketListener() {
 
   spdlog::info("Hyprland IPC starting");
 
-  struct sockaddr_un addr;
-  socketfd_ = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  struct sockaddr_un addr = {};
+  const int socketfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
 
-  if (socketfd_ == -1) {
+  if (socketfd == -1) {
     spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: socketfd failed");
     return;
   }
@@ -96,33 +100,57 @@ void IPC::socketListener() {
   addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
 
   auto socketPath = IPC::getSocketFolder(his) / ".socket2.sock";
+  if (socketPath.native().size() >= sizeof(addr.sun_path)) {
+    spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Socket path is too long: {}", socketPath.string());
+    close(socketfd);
+    return;
+  }
   strncpy(addr.sun_path, socketPath.c_str(), sizeof(addr.sun_path) - 1);
 
-  addr.sun_path[sizeof(addr.sun_path) - 1] = 0;
-
   int l = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
 
-  if (connect(socketfd_, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, l) == -1) {
-    spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Unable to connect?");
+  if (connect(socketfd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, l) == -1) {
+    spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Unable to connect? {}", std::strerror(errno));
+    close(socketfd);
     return;
   }
-  auto* file = fdopen(socketfd_, "r");
-  if (file == nullptr) {
-    spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't open file descriptor");
-    return;
+
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(socketMutex_);
+    socketfd_ = socketfd;
   }
-  while (running_) {
+
+  std::string pending;
+  while (running_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
     std::array<char, 1024> buffer;  // Hyprland socket2 events are max 1024 bytes
+    const ssize_t bytes_read = read(socketfd, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
 
-    auto* receivedCharPtr = fgets(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), file);
+    if (bytes_read == 0) {
+      if (running_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+        spdlog::warn("Hyprland IPC: Socket closed by peer");
+      }
+      break;
+    }
 
-    if (receivedCharPtr == nullptr) {
-      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+    if (bytes_read < 0) {
+      if (errno == EINTR) {
         continue;
       }
+      if (!running_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: read failed: {}", std::strerror(errno));
+      break;
+    }
 
-    std::string messageReceived(buffer.data());
-    messageReceived = messageReceived.substr(0, messageReceived.find_first_of('\n'));
+    pending.append(buffer.data(), static_cast<std::size_t>(bytes_read));
+    for (auto newline_pos = pending.find('\n'); newline_pos != std::string::npos;
+         newline_pos = pending.find('\n')) {
+      std::string messageReceived = pending.substr(0, newline_pos);
+      pending.erase(0, newline_pos + 1);
+      if (messageReceived.empty()) {
+        continue;
+      }
       spdlog::debug("hyprland IPC received {}", messageReceived);
 
       try {
@@ -132,8 +160,16 @@ void IPC::socketListener() {
       } catch (...) {
         throw;
       }
-
-    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+    }
+  }
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(socketMutex_);
+    if (socketfd_ != -1) {
+      if (close(socketfd_) == -1) {
+        spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't close socket");
+      }
+      socketfd_ = -1;
+    }
   }
   spdlog::debug("Hyprland IPC stopped");
 }
@@ -178,7 +214,7 @@ void IPC::unregisterForIPC(EventHandler* ev_handler) {
 std::string IPC::getSocket1Reply(const std::string& rq) {
   // basically hyprctl
 
-  const auto serverSocket = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  util::ScopedFd serverSocket(socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0));
 
   if (serverSocket < 0) {
     throw std::runtime_error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't open a socket (1)");
@@ -198,8 +234,10 @@ std::string IPC::getSocket1Reply(const std::string& rq) {
   std::string socketPath = IPC::getSocketFolder(instanceSig) / ".socket.sock";
 
   // Use snprintf to copy the socketPath string into serverAddress.sun_path
-  if (snprintf(serverAddress.sun_path, sizeof(serverAddress.sun_path), "%s", socketPath.c_str()) <
-      0) {
+  const auto socketPathLength =
+      snprintf(serverAddress.sun_path, sizeof(serverAddress.sun_path), "%s", socketPath.c_str());
+  if (socketPathLength < 0 ||
+      socketPathLength >= static_cast<int>(sizeof(serverAddress.sun_path))) {
     throw std::runtime_error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't copy socket path (6)");
   }
 
@@ -208,28 +246,39 @@ std::string IPC::getSocket1Reply(const std::string& rq) {
     throw std::runtime_error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't connect to " + socketPath + ". (3)");
   }
 
-  auto sizeWritten = write(serverSocket, rq.c_str(), rq.length());
+  std::size_t totalWritten = 0;
+  while (totalWritten < rq.length()) {
+    const auto sizeWritten =
+        write(serverSocket, rq.c_str() + totalWritten, rq.length() - totalWritten);
 
     if (sizeWritten < 0) {
+      if (errno == EINTR) {
+        continue;
+      }
       spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't write (4)");
       return "";
     }
+    if (sizeWritten == 0) {
+      spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Socket write made no progress");
+      return "";
+    }
+    totalWritten += static_cast<std::size_t>(sizeWritten);
+  }
 
   std::array<char, 8192> buffer = {0};
   std::string response;
+  ssize_t sizeWritten = 0;
 
   do {
     sizeWritten = read(serverSocket, buffer.data(), 8192);
 
     if (sizeWritten < 0) {
       spdlog::error("Hyprland IPC: Couldn't read (5)");
-      close(serverSocket);
       return "";
     }
     response.append(buffer.data(), sizeWritten);
   } while (sizeWritten > 0);
 
-  close(serverSocket);
   return response;
 }
 
@@ -243,4 +292,69 @@ Json::Value IPC::getSocket1JsonReply(const std::string& rq) {
   return parser_.parse(reply);
 }
 
+bool IPC::isLuaProtocol() {
+  if (s_luaProtocolDetected_.has_value()) {
+    return *s_luaProtocolDetected_;
+  }
+
+  // Probe: send a harmless old-style dispatch and check the error.
+  // In Lua-based Hyprland (>= 0.54) the error contains "hl.dispatch".
+  // In older versions it returns "ok" or a different error.
+  auto reply = getSocket1Reply("dispatch workspace __waybar_probe__");
+  bool luaProto = reply.find("hl.dispatch") != std::string::npos;
+
+  if (luaProto) {
+    spdlog::info("Hyprland IPC: detected Lua-based dispatch protocol (Hyprland >= 0.54)");
+  } else {
+    spdlog::info("Hyprland IPC: detected legacy dispatch protocol");
+  }
+
+  s_luaProtocolDetected_ = luaProto;
+  return luaProto;
+}
+
+std::string IPC::buildLuaDispatch(const std::string& dispatcher, const std::string& arg) {
+  // Map old-style dispatchers to the new Lua hl.dsp API.
+  //
+  // Old format:  dispatch workspace 1
+  // New format:  /dispatch hl.dsp.focus({ workspace = "1" })
+  //
+  // Old format:  dispatch focusworkspaceoncurrentmonitor 2
+  // New format:  /dispatch hl.dsp.focus({ workspace = "2", on_current_monitor = true })
+  //
+  // Old format:  dispatch togglespecialworkspace name
+  // New format:  /dispatch hl.dsp.workspace.toggle_special("name")
+
+  if (dispatcher == "workspace") {
+    return "/dispatch hl.dsp.focus({ workspace = \"" + arg + "\" })";
+  }
+  if (dispatcher == "focusworkspaceoncurrentmonitor") {
+    return "/dispatch hl.dsp.focus({ workspace = \"" + arg + "\", on_current_monitor = true })";
+  }
+  if (dispatcher == "togglespecialworkspace") {
+    if (arg.empty()) {
+      return "/dispatch hl.dsp.workspace.toggle_special()";
+    }
+    return "/dispatch hl.dsp.workspace.toggle_special(\"" + arg + "\")";
+  }
+
+  // Fallback for any other dispatcher: try the old format wrapped in dispatch().
+  // This may not work for all dispatchers, but it's a reasonable default.
+  spdlog::warn("Hyprland IPC: unknown dispatcher '{}' in Lua mode, attempting generic format",
+               dispatcher);
+  return "/dispatch hl.dsp." + dispatcher + "(\"" + arg + "\")";
+}
+
+std::string IPC::dispatch(const std::string& dispatcher, const std::string& arg) {
+  if (isLuaProtocol()) {
+    return getSocket1Reply(buildLuaDispatch(dispatcher, arg));
+  }
+  // Legacy format: "dispatch <dispatcher> <arg>"
+  std::string cmd = "dispatch " + dispatcher;
+  if (!arg.empty()) {
+    cmd += " " + arg;
+  }
+  return getSocket1Reply(cmd);
+}
+
 }  // namespace waybar::modules::hyprland

src/modules/hyprland/language.cpp

@@ -48,12 +48,39 @@ auto Language::update() -> void {
                                   fmt::arg("shortDescription", layout_.short_description),
                                   fmt::arg("variant", layout_.variant)));
   }
-
   spdlog::debug("hyprland language formatted layout name {}", layoutName);
 
+  std::string tooltipContent = std::string{};
+  bool tooltip_enabled = tooltipEnabled();
+  if (tooltip_enabled) {
+    if (config_.isMember("tooltip-format")) {
+      auto tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
+      if (config_.isMember("tooltip-format-" + layout_.short_description + "-" + layout_.variant)) {
+        const auto propName = "tooltip-format-" + layout_.short_description + "-" + layout_.variant;
+        tooltipContent = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), config_[propName].asString());
+      } else if (config_.isMember("tooltip-format-" + layout_.short_description)) {
+        const auto propName = "tooltip-format-" + layout_.short_description;
+        tooltipContent = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), config_[propName].asString());
+      } else {
+        tooltipContent =
+            trim(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("long", layout_.full_name),
+                             fmt::arg("short", layout_.short_name),
+                             fmt::arg("shortDescription", layout_.short_description),
+                             fmt::arg("variant", layout_.variant)));
+      }
+    } else {
+      // if no tooltip format is provided, use the same text as the module
+      tooltipContent = layoutName;
+    }
+    spdlog::debug("hyprland language formatted tooltip content {}", tooltipContent);
+  }
+
   if (!format_.empty()) {
     label_.show();
     label_.set_markup(layoutName);
+    if (tooltip_enabled) {
+      label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltipContent);
+    }
   } else {
     label_.hide();
   }
@@ -63,22 +90,43 @@ auto Language::update() -> void {
 
 void Language::onEvent(const std::string& ev) {
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lg(mutex_);
-  std::string kbName(begin(ev) + ev.find_last_of('>') + 1, begin(ev) + ev.find_first_of(','));
-
+  const auto payloadStart = ev.find(">>");
+  if (payloadStart == std::string::npos) {
+    spdlog::warn("hyprland language received malformed event: {}", ev);
+    return;
+  }
+  const auto payload = ev.substr(payloadStart + 2);
+  const auto kbSeparator = payload.find(',');
+  if (kbSeparator == std::string::npos) {
+    spdlog::warn("hyprland language received malformed event payload: {}", ev);
+    return;
+  }
   // Last comma before variants parenthesis, eg:
   // activelayout>>micro-star-int'l-co.,-ltd.-msi-gk50-elite-gaming-keyboard,English (US, intl.,
   // with dead keys)
   std::string beforeParenthesis;
-  auto parenthesisPos = ev.find_last_of('(');
+  auto parenthesisPos = payload.find_last_of('(');
   if (parenthesisPos == std::string::npos) {
-    beforeParenthesis = ev;
+    beforeParenthesis = payload;
   } else {
-    beforeParenthesis = std::string(begin(ev), begin(ev) + parenthesisPos);
+    beforeParenthesis = payload.substr(0, parenthesisPos);
   }
-  auto layoutName = ev.substr(beforeParenthesis.find_last_of(',') + 1);
+  const auto layoutSeparator = beforeParenthesis.find_last_of(',');
+  if (layoutSeparator == std::string::npos) {
+    spdlog::warn("hyprland language received malformed layout payload: {}", ev);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto layoutName = payload.substr(layoutSeparator + 1);
 
-  if (config_.isMember("keyboard-name") && kbName != config_["keyboard-name"].asString())
+  if (config_.isMember("keyboard-name")) {
+    const auto keyboardName = config_["keyboard-name"].asString();
+    // The keyboard name itself can contain commas, so match it as a full prefix
+    // (followed by the ',' separator) rather than comparing against the substring
+    // before the first comma, which would truncate such names and drop the event.
+    if (payload.size() <= keyboardName.size() || payload[keyboardName.size()] != ',' ||
+        payload.compare(0, keyboardName.size(), keyboardName) != 0)
       return;  // ignore
+  }
 
   layoutName = waybar::util::sanitize_string(layoutName);
 

src/modules/hyprland/submap.cpp

@@ -75,7 +75,12 @@ void Submap::onEvent(const std::string& ev) {
     return;
   }
 
-  auto submapName = ev.substr(ev.find_first_of('>') + 2);
+  const auto separator = ev.find(">>");
+  if (separator == std::string::npos) {
+    spdlog::warn("hyprland submap received malformed event: {}", ev);
+    return;
+  }
+  auto submapName = ev.substr(separator + 2);
 
   submap_ = submapName;
 

src/modules/hyprland/window.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "modules/hyprland/window.hpp"
 
+#include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <glibmm/fileutils.h>
 #include <glibmm/keyfile.h>
 #include <glibmm/miscutils.h>
@@ -19,21 +20,19 @@ std::shared_mutex windowIpcSmtx;
 
 Window::Window(const std::string& id, const Bar& bar, const Json::Value& config)
     : AAppIconLabel(config, "window", id, "{title}", 0, true), bar_(bar), m_ipc(IPC::inst()) {
-  std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> windowIpcUniqueLock(windowIpcSmtx);
-
   separateOutputs_ = config["separate-outputs"].asBool();
 
+  update();
+
   // register for hyprland ipc
+  std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> windowIpcUniqueLock(windowIpcSmtx);
   m_ipc.registerForIPC("activewindow", this);
   m_ipc.registerForIPC("closewindow", this);
   m_ipc.registerForIPC("movewindow", this);
   m_ipc.registerForIPC("changefloatingmode", this);
   m_ipc.registerForIPC("fullscreen", this);
-
   windowIpcUniqueLock.unlock();
 
-  queryActiveWorkspace();
-  update();
   dp.emit();
 }
 
@@ -55,8 +54,15 @@ auto Window::update() -> void {
   std::string label_text;
   if (!format_.empty()) {
     label_.show();
+
+    // If the focused window name is empty and fallback is configured, use fallback text
+    std::string displayTitle = windowName;
+    if (displayTitle.empty() && config_["fallback"].isString()) {
+      displayTitle = config_["fallback"].asString();
+    }
+
     label_text = waybar::util::rewriteString(
-        fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), fmt::arg("title", windowName),
+        fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_), fmt::arg("title", displayTitle),
                     fmt::arg("initialTitle", windowData_.initial_title),
                     fmt::arg("class", windowData_.class_name),
                     fmt::arg("initialClass", windowData_.initial_class_name)),
@@ -110,21 +116,14 @@ auto Window::update() -> void {
   AAppIconLabel::update();
 }
 
-auto Window::getActiveWorkspace() -> Workspace {
-  const auto workspace = IPC::inst().getSocket1JsonReply("activeworkspace");
-
-  if (workspace.isObject()) {
-    return Workspace::parse(workspace);
-  }
-
-  return {};
-}
+auto Window::getActiveWorkspace() -> Workspace { return getActiveWorkspace(""); }
 
 auto Window::getActiveWorkspace(const std::string& monitorName) -> Workspace {
   const auto monitors = IPC::inst().getSocket1JsonReply("monitors");
   if (monitors.isArray()) {
-    auto monitor = std::ranges::find_if(
-        monitors, [&](Json::Value monitor) { return monitor["name"] == monitorName; });
+    auto monitor = std::ranges::find_if(monitors, [&](const Json::Value& monitor) {
+      return monitorName.empty() ? monitor["focused"].asBool() : monitor["name"] == monitorName;
+    });
     if (monitor == std::end(monitors)) {
       spdlog::warn("Monitor not found: {}", monitorName);
       return Workspace{
@@ -134,12 +133,13 @@ auto Window::getActiveWorkspace(const std::string& monitorName) -> Workspace {
           .last_window_title = "",
       };
     }
-    const int id = (*monitor)["activeWorkspace"]["id"].asInt();
+    const int special_id = (*monitor)["specialWorkspace"]["id"].asInt();
+    const int id = special_id != 0 ? special_id : (*monitor)["activeWorkspace"]["id"].asInt();
 
     const auto workspaces = IPC::inst().getSocket1JsonReply("workspaces");
     if (workspaces.isArray()) {
       auto workspace = std::ranges::find_if(
-          workspaces, [&](Json::Value workspace) { return workspace["id"] == id; });
+          workspaces, [&](const Json::Value& workspace) { return workspace["id"] == id; });
       if (workspace == std::end(workspaces)) {
         spdlog::warn("No workspace with id {}", id);
         return Workspace{
@@ -177,42 +177,56 @@ auto Window::WindowData::parse(const Json::Value& value) -> Window::WindowData {
 }
 
 void Window::queryActiveWorkspace() {
-  std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> windowIpcShareLock(windowIpcSmtx);
-
   if (separateOutputs_) {
     workspace_ = getActiveWorkspace(this->bar_.output->name);
   } else {
     workspace_ = getActiveWorkspace();
   }
 
-  focused_ = true;
-  if (workspace_.windows > 0) {
-    const auto clients = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("clients");
-    if (clients.isArray()) {
-      auto activeWindow = std::ranges::find_if(
-          clients, [&](Json::Value window) { return window["address"] == workspace_.last_window; });
-
-      if (activeWindow == std::end(clients)) {
   focused_ = false;
+  windowData_ = WindowData{};
+  allFloating_ = false;
+  swallowing_ = false;
+  fullscreen_ = false;
+  solo_ = false;
+  soloClass_.clear();
+
+  if (workspace_.windows <= 0) {
     return;
   }
 
+  const auto clients = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("clients");
+  if (!clients.isArray()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto activeWindow = std::ranges::find_if(clients, [&](const Json::Value& window) {
+    return window["address"] == workspace_.last_window;
+  });
+
+  if (activeWindow == std::end(clients)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  focused_ = true;
   windowData_ = WindowData::parse(*activeWindow);
   updateAppIconName(windowData_.class_name, windowData_.initial_class_name);
   std::vector<Json::Value> workspaceWindows;
-      std::ranges::copy_if(clients, std::back_inserter(workspaceWindows), [&](Json::Value window) {
+  std::ranges::copy_if(
+      clients, std::back_inserter(workspaceWindows), [&](const Json::Value& window) {
         return window["workspace"]["id"] == workspace_.id && window["mapped"].asBool();
       });
-      swallowing_ = std::ranges::any_of(workspaceWindows, [&](Json::Value window) {
+  swallowing_ = std::ranges::any_of(workspaceWindows, [&](const Json::Value& window) {
     return !window["swallowing"].isNull() && window["swallowing"].asString() != "0x0";
   });
   std::vector<Json::Value> visibleWindows;
   std::ranges::copy_if(workspaceWindows, std::back_inserter(visibleWindows),
-                           [&](Json::Value window) { return !window["hidden"].asBool(); });
-      solo_ = 1 == std::count_if(visibleWindows.begin(), visibleWindows.end(),
-                                 [&](Json::Value window) { return !window["floating"].asBool(); });
+                       [&](const Json::Value& window) { return !window["hidden"].asBool(); });
+  solo_ = 1 == std::count_if(
+                   visibleWindows.begin(), visibleWindows.end(),
+                   [&](const Json::Value& window) { return !window["floating"].asBool(); });
   allFloating_ = std::ranges::all_of(
-          visibleWindows, [&](Json::Value window) { return window["floating"].asBool(); });
+      visibleWindows, [&](const Json::Value& window) { return window["floating"].asBool(); });
   fullscreen_ = windowData_.fullscreen;
 
   // Fullscreen windows look like they are solo
@@ -222,18 +236,6 @@ void Window::queryActiveWorkspace() {
 
   if (solo_) {
     soloClass_ = windowData_.class_name;
-      } else {
-        soloClass_ = "";
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    focused_ = false;
-    windowData_ = WindowData{};
-    allFloating_ = false;
-    swallowing_ = false;
-    fullscreen_ = false;
-    solo_ = false;
-    soloClass_ = "";
   }
 }
 

src/modules/hyprland/windowcount.cpp

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ auto WindowCount::getActiveWorkspace(const std::string& monitorName) -> Workspac
   const auto monitors = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("monitors");
   if (monitors.isArray()) {
     auto monitor = std::ranges::find_if(
-        monitors, [&](Json::Value monitor) { return monitor["name"] == monitorName; });
+        monitors, [&](const Json::Value& monitor) { return monitor["name"] == monitorName; });
     if (monitor == std::end(monitors)) {
       spdlog::warn("Monitor not found: {}", monitorName);
       return Workspace{
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ auto WindowCount::getActiveWorkspace(const std::string& monitorName) -> Workspac
     const auto workspaces = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("workspaces");
     if (workspaces.isArray()) {
       auto workspace = std::ranges::find_if(
-          workspaces, [&](Json::Value workspace) { return workspace["id"] == id; });
+          workspaces, [&](const Json::Value& workspace) { return workspace["id"] == id; });
       if (workspace == std::end(workspaces)) {
         spdlog::warn("No workspace with id {}", id);
         return Workspace{

src/modules/hyprland/windowcreationpayload.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ WindowCreationPayload::WindowCreationPayload(Json::Value const& client_data)
   clearWorkspaceName();
 }
 
-WindowCreationPayload::WindowCreationPayload(std::string workspace_name,
+WindowCreationPayload::WindowCreationPayload(const std::string& workspace_name,
                                              WindowAddress window_address, WindowRepr window_repr)
     : m_window(std::move(window_repr)),
       m_windowAddress(std::move(window_address)),
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ WindowCreationPayload::WindowCreationPayload(std::string workspace_name,
   clearWorkspaceName();
 }
 
-WindowCreationPayload::WindowCreationPayload(std::string workspace_name,
-                                             WindowAddress window_address, std::string window_class,
-                                             std::string window_title, bool is_active)
+WindowCreationPayload::WindowCreationPayload(const std::string& workspace_name,
+                                             WindowAddress window_address,
+                                             const std::string& window_class,
+                                             const std::string& window_title, bool is_active)
     : m_window(std::make_pair(std::move(window_class), std::move(window_title))),
       m_windowAddress(std::move(window_address)),
       m_workspaceName(std::move(workspace_name)),

src/modules/hyprland/workspace.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include <json/value.h>
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+#include <glibmm/main.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -30,6 +31,11 @@ Workspace::Workspace(const Json::Value& workspace_data, Workspaces& workspace_ma
   }
 
   m_button.add_events(Gdk::BUTTON_PRESS_MASK);
+  m_button.add_events(Gdk::ENTER_NOTIFY_MASK | Gdk::LEAVE_NOTIFY_MASK);
+
+  m_button.signal_enter_notify_event().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Workspace::handleEnter));
+  m_button.signal_leave_notify_event().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Workspace::handleLeave));
+
   m_button.signal_button_press_event().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Workspace::handleClicked),
                                                false);
 
@@ -45,6 +51,12 @@ Workspace::Workspace(const Json::Value& workspace_data, Workspaces& workspace_ma
   initializeWindowMap(clients_data);
 }
 
+Workspace::~Workspace() {
+  // Disconnect the hover-check timeout so it can't fire on this destroyed
+  // instance (Workspaces are removed at runtime while a check may be armed).
+  stopHoverCheck();
+}
+
 void addOrRemoveClass(const Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::StyleContext>& context, bool condition,
                       const std::string& class_name) {
   if (condition) {
@@ -66,25 +78,121 @@ std::optional<WindowRepr> Workspace::closeWindow(WindowAddress const& addr) {
   return std::nullopt;
 }
 
+bool Workspace::pointerInsideButton() {
+  auto display = Gdk::Display::get_default();
+  if (!display) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  auto seat = display->get_default_seat();
+  if (!seat) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  auto pointer = seat->get_pointer();
+  if (!pointer) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Screen> screen;
+  int pointerRootX = 0;
+  int pointerRootY = 0;
+
+  pointer->get_position(screen, pointerRootX, pointerRootY);
+
+  Gtk::Widget* toplevel = m_button.get_toplevel();
+  if (toplevel == nullptr || !toplevel->get_window()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  int buttonX = 0;
+  int buttonY = 0;
+
+  if (!m_button.translate_coordinates(*toplevel, 0, 0, buttonX, buttonY)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  int windowRootX = 0;
+  int windowRootY = 0;
+  toplevel->get_window()->get_root_origin(windowRootX, windowRootY);
+
+  const auto allocation = m_button.get_allocation();
+
+  const int buttonRootX = windowRootX + buttonX;
+  const int buttonRootY = windowRootY + buttonY;
+  const int buttonWidth = allocation.get_width();
+  const int buttonHeight = allocation.get_height();
+
+  return pointerRootX >= buttonRootX && pointerRootY >= buttonRootY &&
+         pointerRootX < buttonRootX + buttonWidth &&
+         pointerRootY < buttonRootY + buttonHeight;
+}
+
+bool Workspace::syncHoverClass() {
+  auto styleContext = m_button.get_style_context();
+
+  if (pointerInsideButton()) {
+    styleContext->add_class("workspace-hover");
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  styleContext->remove_class("workspace-hover");
+  stopHoverCheck();
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Workspace::startHoverCheck() {
+  if (m_hoverCheckConnection.connected()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  m_hoverCheckConnection = Glib::signal_timeout().connect(
+      sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Workspace::syncHoverClass),
+      50);
+}
+
+void Workspace::stopHoverCheck() {
+  if (m_hoverCheckConnection.connected()) {
+    m_hoverCheckConnection.disconnect();
+  }
+}
+
+bool Workspace::handleEnter(GdkEventCrossing* /*event*/) {
+  m_button.get_style_context()->add_class("workspace-hover");
+  startHoverCheck();
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Workspace::handleLeave(GdkEventCrossing* /*event*/) {
+  /*
+   * Do not remove immediately.
+   * Workspace taskbar children can fire misleading leave events while the
+   * pointer is still visually inside the workspace button.
+   *
+   * The polling check will remove the class once the pointer really leaves.
+   */
+  startHoverCheck();
+  return false;
+}
 bool Workspace::handleClicked(GdkEventButton* bt) const {
   if (bt->type == GDK_BUTTON_PRESS) {
     try {
       if (id() > 0) {  // normal
         if (m_workspaceManager.moveToMonitor()) {
-          m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch focusworkspaceoncurrentmonitor " + std::to_string(id()));
+          IPC::dispatch("focusworkspaceoncurrentmonitor", std::to_string(id()));
         } else {
-          m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch workspace " + std::to_string(id()));
+          IPC::dispatch("workspace", std::to_string(id()));
         }
       } else if (!isSpecial()) {  // named (this includes persistent)
         if (m_workspaceManager.moveToMonitor()) {
-          m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch focusworkspaceoncurrentmonitor name:" + name());
+          IPC::dispatch("focusworkspaceoncurrentmonitor", "name:" + name());
         } else {
-          m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch workspace name:" + name());
+          IPC::dispatch("workspace", "name:" + name());
         }
       } else if (id() != -99) {  // named special
-        m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch togglespecialworkspace " + name());
+        IPC::dispatch("togglespecialworkspace", name());
       } else {  // special
-        m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch togglespecialworkspace");
+        IPC::dispatch("togglespecialworkspace", "");
       }
       return true;
     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
@@ -96,7 +204,7 @@ bool Workspace::handleClicked(GdkEventButton* bt) const {
 
 void Workspace::initializeWindowMap(const Json::Value& clients_data) {
   m_windowMap.clear();
-  for (auto client : clients_data) {
+  for (const auto& client : clients_data) {
     if (client["workspace"]["id"].asInt() == id()) {
       insertWindow({client});
     }
@@ -115,7 +223,11 @@ void Workspace::setActiveWindow(WindowAddress const& addr) {
   }
 
   auto activeWindowPos = m_workspaceManager.activeWindowPosition();
-  if (activeIdx.has_value() && activeWindowPos != Workspaces::ActiveWindowPosition::NONE) {
+  const bool has_active_window =
+      activeIdx.has_value() &&
+      activeWindowPos != Workspaces::ActiveWindowPosition::NONE;
+
+  if (has_active_window) {
     auto window = std::move(m_windowMap[*activeIdx]);
     m_windowMap.erase(m_windowMap.begin() + *activeIdx);
     if (activeWindowPos == Workspaces::ActiveWindowPosition::FIRST) {
@@ -130,7 +242,10 @@ void Workspace::insertWindow(WindowCreationPayload create_window_payload) {
   if (!create_window_payload.isEmpty(m_workspaceManager)) {
     auto repr = create_window_payload.repr(m_workspaceManager);
 
-    if (!repr.empty() || m_workspaceManager.enableTaskbar()) {
+    const bool should_display =
+        !repr.empty() || m_workspaceManager.enableTaskbar();
+
+    if (should_display) {
       auto addr = create_window_payload.getAddress();
       auto it = std::ranges::find_if(
           m_windowMap, [&addr](const auto& window) { return window.address == addr; });
@@ -142,7 +257,7 @@ void Workspace::insertWindow(WindowCreationPayload create_window_payload) {
       }
     }
   }
-};
+}
 
 bool Workspace::onWindowOpened(WindowCreationPayload const& create_window_payload) {
   if (create_window_payload.getWorkspaceName() == name()) {
@@ -161,6 +276,17 @@ std::string& Workspace::selectIcon(std::map<std::string, std::string>& icons_map
     }
   }
 
+  if (isActive() && isSpecial()) {
+    auto activeIconIt = icons_map.find("active:" + name());
+    if (activeIconIt != icons_map.end()) {
+      return activeIconIt->second;
+    }
+    auto namedIconIt = icons_map.find(name());
+    if (namedIconIt != icons_map.end()) {
+      return namedIconIt->second;
+    }
+  }
+
   if (isActive()) {
     auto activeIconIt = icons_map.find("active");
     if (activeIconIt != icons_map.end()) {
@@ -234,6 +360,7 @@ void Workspace::update(const std::string& workspace_icon) {
   auto styleContext = m_button.get_style_context();
   addOrRemoveClass(styleContext, isActive(), "active");
   addOrRemoveClass(styleContext, isSpecial(), "special");
+  addOrRemoveClass(styleContext, isSpecial(), name());
   addOrRemoveClass(styleContext, isEmpty(), "empty");
   addOrRemoveClass(styleContext, isPersistent(), "persistent");
   addOrRemoveClass(styleContext, isUrgent(), "urgent");
@@ -270,7 +397,9 @@ void Workspace::update(const std::string& workspace_icon) {
 
 bool Workspace::isEmpty() const {
   auto ignore_list = m_workspaceManager.getIgnoredWindows();
-  if (ignore_list.empty()) {
+  const bool no_ignore_rules = ignore_list.empty();
+
+  if (no_ignore_rules) {
     return m_windows == 0;
   }
   // If there are windows but they are all ignored, consider the workspace empty
@@ -301,15 +430,18 @@ void Workspace::updateTaskbar(const std::string& workspace_icon) {
 
     auto window_box = Gtk::make_managed<Gtk::Box>(Gtk::ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL);
     window_box->set_tooltip_markup(window_repr.window_title);
-    window_box->get_style_context()->add_class("taskbar-window");
+
+    auto button = Gtk::manage(new Gtk::Button());
+    button->set_relief(Gtk::RELIEF_NONE);
+    button->add(*window_box);
+    button->get_style_context()->add_class("taskbar-window");
     if (window_repr.isActive) {
-      window_box->get_style_context()->add_class("active");
+      button->get_style_context()->add_class("active");
     }
-    auto event_box = Gtk::manage(new Gtk::EventBox());
-    event_box->add(*window_box);
     if (m_workspaceManager.onClickWindow() != "") {
-      event_box->signal_button_press_event().connect(
-          sigc::bind(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Workspace::handleClick), window_repr.address));
+      button->signal_button_press_event().connect(
+          sigc::bind(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Workspace::handleClick), window_repr.address),
+          false);
     }
 
     auto text_before = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(m_workspaceManager.taskbarFormatBefore()),
@@ -334,8 +466,8 @@ void Workspace::updateTaskbar(const std::string& workspace_icon) {
       window_box->pack_start(*window_label_after, true, true);
     }
 
-    m_content.pack_start(*event_box, true, false);
-    event_box->show_all();
+    m_content.pack_start(*button, true, false);
+    button->show_all();
   };
 
   if (m_workspaceManager.taskbarReverseDirection()) {
@@ -349,7 +481,9 @@ void Workspace::updateTaskbar(const std::string& workspace_icon) {
   }
 
   auto formatAfter = m_workspaceManager.formatAfter();
-  if (!formatAfter.empty()) {
+  const bool has_format_after = !formatAfter.empty();
+
+  if (has_format_after) {
     m_labelAfter.set_markup(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(formatAfter), fmt::arg("id", id()),
                                         fmt::arg("name", name()),
                                         fmt::arg("icon", workspace_icon)));

src/modules/hyprland/workspaces.cpp

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ Workspaces::Workspaces(const std::string& id, const Bar& bar, const Json::Value&
 }
 
 Workspaces::~Workspaces() {
+  if (m_scrollEventConnection_.connected()) {
+    m_scrollEventConnection_.disconnect();
+  }
   m_ipc.unregisterForIPC(this);
   // wait for possible event handler to finish
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lg(m_mutex);
@@ -44,9 +47,14 @@ void Workspaces::init() {
 
   initializeWorkspaces();
 
-  if (barScroll()) {
+  if (m_scrollEventConnection_.connected()) {
+    m_scrollEventConnection_.disconnect();
+  }
+  bool hasScrollConfig = config_["on-scroll-up"].isString() || config_["on-scroll-down"].isString();
+  if (barScroll() || hasScrollConfig) {
     auto& window = const_cast<Bar&>(m_bar).window;
     window.add_events(Gdk::SCROLL_MASK | Gdk::SMOOTH_SCROLL_MASK);
+    m_scrollEventConnection_ =
         window.signal_scroll_event().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Workspaces::handleScroll));
   }
 
@@ -155,7 +163,8 @@ void Workspaces::extendOrphans(int workspaceId, Json::Value const& clientsJson)
   }
 }
 
-std::string Workspaces::getRewrite(std::string window_class, std::string window_title) {
+std::string Workspaces::getRewrite(const std::string& window_class,
+                                   const std::string& window_title) {
   std::string windowReprKey;
   if (windowRewriteConfigUsesTitle()) {
     windowReprKey = fmt::format("class<{}> title<{}>", window_class, window_title);
@@ -196,7 +205,7 @@ void Workspaces::initializeWorkspaces() {
   auto const workspacesJson = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("workspaces");
   auto const clientsJson = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("clients");
 
-  for (Json::Value workspaceJson : workspacesJson) {
+  for (const auto& workspaceJson : workspacesJson) {
     std::string workspaceName = workspaceJson["name"].asString();
     if ((allOutputs() || m_bar.output->name == workspaceJson["monitor"].asString()) &&
         (!workspaceName.starts_with("special") || showSpecial()) &&
@@ -270,7 +279,7 @@ void Workspaces::loadPersistentWorkspacesFromConfig(Json::Value const& clientsJs
         // key is the workspace and value is array of monitors to create on
         for (const Json::Value& monitor : value) {
           if (monitor.isString() && monitor.asString() == currentMonitor) {
-            persistentWorkspacesToCreate.emplace_back(currentMonitor);
+            persistentWorkspacesToCreate.emplace_back(key);
             break;
           }
         }
@@ -318,6 +327,10 @@ void Workspaces::loadPersistentWorkspacesFromWorkspaceRules(const Json::Value& c
     // 2. the rule's monitor is the current monitor
     // 3. no monitor is specified in the rule => assume it needs to be persistent on every monitor
     if (allOutputs() || m_bar.output->name == monitor || monitor.empty()) {
+      // => skip ignore-workspaces even if its a persistent
+      if(isWorkspaceIgnored(workspace)) {
+        continue;
+      }
       // => persistent workspace should be shown on this monitor
       auto workspaceData = createMonitorWorkspaceData(workspace, m_bar.output->name);
       workspaceData["persistent-rule"] = true;
@@ -331,8 +344,13 @@ void Workspaces::loadPersistentWorkspacesFromWorkspaceRules(const Json::Value& c
 
 void Workspaces::onEvent(const std::string& ev) {
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-  std::string eventName(begin(ev), begin(ev) + ev.find_first_of('>'));
-  std::string payload = ev.substr(eventName.size() + 2);
+  const auto separator = ev.find(">>");
+  if (separator == std::string::npos) {
+    spdlog::warn("Malformed Hyprland workspace event: {}", ev);
+    return;
+  }
+  std::string eventName = ev.substr(0, separator);
+  std::string payload = ev.substr(separator + 2);
 
   if (eventName == "workspacev2") {
     onWorkspaceActivated(payload);
@@ -400,7 +418,7 @@ void Workspaces::onWorkspaceCreated(std::string const& payload, Json::Value cons
   auto const workspaceRules = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("workspacerules");
   auto const workspacesJson = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("workspaces");
 
-  for (Json::Value workspaceJson : workspacesJson) {
+  for (auto workspaceJson : workspacesJson) {
     const auto currentId = workspaceJson["id"].asInt();
     if (currentId == *workspaceId) {
       std::string workspaceName = workspaceJson["name"].asString();
@@ -495,19 +513,21 @@ void Workspaces::onMonitorFocused(std::string const& payload) {
 void Workspaces::onWindowOpened(std::string const& payload) {
   spdlog::trace("Window opened: {}", payload);
   updateWindowCount();
-  size_t lastCommaIdx = 0;
-  size_t nextCommaIdx = payload.find(',');
-  std::string windowAddress = payload.substr(lastCommaIdx, nextCommaIdx - lastCommaIdx);
+  const auto firstComma = payload.find(',');
+  const auto secondComma =
+      firstComma == std::string::npos ? std::string::npos : payload.find(',', firstComma + 1);
+  const auto thirdComma =
+      secondComma == std::string::npos ? std::string::npos : payload.find(',', secondComma + 1);
+  if (firstComma == std::string::npos || secondComma == std::string::npos ||
+      thirdComma == std::string::npos) {
+    spdlog::warn("Malformed Hyprland openwindow payload: {}", payload);
+    return;
+  }
 
-  lastCommaIdx = nextCommaIdx;
-  nextCommaIdx = payload.find(',', nextCommaIdx + 1);
-  std::string workspaceName = payload.substr(lastCommaIdx + 1, nextCommaIdx - lastCommaIdx - 1);
-
-  lastCommaIdx = nextCommaIdx;
-  nextCommaIdx = payload.find(',', nextCommaIdx + 1);
-  std::string windowClass = payload.substr(lastCommaIdx + 1, nextCommaIdx - lastCommaIdx - 1);
-
-  std::string windowTitle = payload.substr(nextCommaIdx + 1, payload.length() - nextCommaIdx);
+  std::string windowAddress = payload.substr(0, firstComma);
+  std::string workspaceName = payload.substr(firstComma + 1, secondComma - firstComma - 1);
+  std::string windowClass = payload.substr(secondComma + 1, thirdComma - secondComma - 1);
+  std::string windowTitle = payload.substr(thirdComma + 1);
 
   bool isActive = m_currentActiveWindowAddress == windowAddress;
   m_windowsToCreate.emplace_back(workspaceName, windowAddress, windowClass, windowTitle, isActive);
@@ -1001,10 +1021,12 @@ void Workspaces::sortWorkspaces() {
 
 void Workspaces::setUrgentWorkspace(std::string const& windowaddress) {
   const Json::Value clientsJson = m_ipc.getSocket1JsonReply("clients");
+  const std::string normalizedAddress =
+      windowaddress.starts_with("0x") ? windowaddress : fmt::format("0x{}", windowaddress);
   int workspaceId = -1;
 
-  for (Json::Value clientJson : clientsJson) {
-    if (clientJson["address"].asString().ends_with(windowaddress)) {
+  for (const auto& clientJson : clientsJson) {
+    if (clientJson["address"].asString() == normalizedAddress) {
       workspaceId = clientJson["workspace"]["id"].asInt();
       break;
     }
@@ -1133,7 +1155,11 @@ std::string Workspaces::makePayload(Args const&... args) {
 }
 
 std::pair<std::string, std::string> Workspaces::splitDoublePayload(std::string const& payload) {
-  const std::string part1 = payload.substr(0, payload.find(','));
+  const auto separator = payload.find(',');
+  if (separator == std::string::npos) {
+    throw std::invalid_argument("Expected a two-part Hyprland payload");
+  }
+  const std::string part1 = payload.substr(0, separator);
   const std::string part2 = payload.substr(part1.size() + 1);
   return {part1, part2};
 }
@@ -1142,6 +1168,9 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string, std::string> Workspaces::splitTriplePayload
     std::string const& payload) {
   const size_t firstComma = payload.find(',');
   const size_t secondComma = payload.find(',', firstComma + 1);
+  if (firstComma == std::string::npos || secondComma == std::string::npos) {
+    throw std::invalid_argument("Expected a three-part Hyprland payload");
+  }
 
   const std::string part1 = payload.substr(0, firstComma);
   const std::string part2 = payload.substr(firstComma + 1, secondComma - (firstComma + 1));
@@ -1164,6 +1193,12 @@ bool Workspaces::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll* e) {
   if (gdk_event_get_pointer_emulated((GdkEvent*)e)) {
     return false;
   }
+
+  // Check for custom scroll commands first; delegate to base class
+  if (config_["on-scroll-up"].isString() || config_["on-scroll-down"].isString()) {
+    return AModule::handleScroll(e);
+  }
+
   auto dir = AModule::getScrollDir(e);
   if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::NONE) {
     return true;
@@ -1171,15 +1206,15 @@ bool Workspaces::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll* e) {
 
   if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::DOWN || dir == SCROLL_DIR::RIGHT) {
     if (allOutputs()) {
-      m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch workspace e+1");
+      IPC::dispatch("workspace", "e+1");
     } else {
-      m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch workspace m+1");
+      IPC::dispatch("workspace", "m+1");
     }
   } else if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::UP || dir == SCROLL_DIR::LEFT) {
     if (allOutputs()) {
-      m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch workspace e-1");
+      IPC::dispatch("workspace", "e-1");
     } else {
-      m_ipc.getSocket1Reply("dispatch workspace m-1");
+      IPC::dispatch("workspace", "m-1");
     }
   }
 

src/modules/image.cpp

@@ -46,9 +46,11 @@ void waybar::modules::Image::delayWorker() {
 }
 
 void waybar::modules::Image::refresh(int sig) {
+#ifdef SIGRTMIN
   if (config_["signal"].isInt() && sig == SIGRTMIN + config_["signal"].asInt()) {
     thread_.wake_up();
   }
+#endif
 }
 
 auto waybar::modules::Image::update() -> void {

src/modules/inhibitor.cpp

@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ auto getInhibitors(const Json::Value& config) -> std::string {
   if (config["what"].isArray()) {
     inhibitors = checkInhibitor(config["what"][0].asString());
     for (decltype(config["what"].size()) i = 1; i < config["what"].size(); ++i) {
-      inhibitors += ":" + checkInhibitor(config["what"][i].asString());
+      inhibitors.append(":");
+      inhibitors.append(checkInhibitor(config["what"][i].asString()));
     }
     return inhibitors;
   }

src/modules/memory/common.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,32 @@
 #include "modules/memory.hpp"
 
+namespace {
+const std::unordered_map<std::string, float> kUnits = {
+  {"kB", 1.000},
+  {"kiB", 1.024},
+  {"MB", 1.000 * 1000.0},
+  {"MiB", 1.024 * 1024.0},
+  {"GB", 1.000 * 1000.0 * 1000.0},
+  {"GiB", 1.024 * 1024.0 * 1024.0},
+  {"TB", 1.000 * 1000.0 * 1000.0 * 1000.0},
+  {"TiB", 1.024 * 1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0}
+};
+}
+
 waybar::modules::Memory::Memory(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& config)
     : ALabel(config, "memory", id, "{}%", 30) {
   thread_ = [this] {
     dp.emit();
     thread_.sleep_for(interval_);
   };
+  if (config["unit"].isString()) {
+    unit_ = config["unit"].asString();
+    if (!kUnits.contains(unit_)) {
+      unit_ = "GiB";
+    }
+  } else {
+    unit_ = "GiB";
+  }
 }
 
 auto waybar::modules::Memory::update() -> void {
@@ -13,15 +34,15 @@ auto waybar::modules::Memory::update() -> void {
 
   unsigned long memtotal = meminfo_["MemTotal"];
   unsigned long swaptotal = 0;
-  if (meminfo_.count("SwapTotal")) {
+  if (meminfo_.contains("SwapTotal")) {
     swaptotal = meminfo_["SwapTotal"];
   }
   unsigned long memfree;
   unsigned long swapfree = 0;
-  if (meminfo_.count("SwapFree")) {
+  if (meminfo_.contains("SwapFree")) {
     swapfree = meminfo_["SwapFree"];
   }
-  if (meminfo_.count("MemAvailable")) {
+  if (meminfo_.contains("MemAvailable")) {
     // New kernels (3.4+) have an accurate available memory field.
     memfree = meminfo_["MemAvailable"] + meminfo_["zfs_size"];
   } else {
@@ -31,18 +52,19 @@ auto waybar::modules::Memory::update() -> void {
   }
 
   if (memtotal > 0 && memfree >= 0) {
-    float total_ram_gigabytes =
-        0.01 * round(memtotal / 10485.76);  // 100*10485.76 = 2^20 = 1024^2 = GiB/KiB
-    float total_swap_gigabytes = 0.01 * round(swaptotal / 10485.76);
     int used_ram_percentage = 100 * (memtotal - memfree) / memtotal;
     int used_swap_percentage = 0;
-    if (swaptotal) {
+    if ((bool) swaptotal) {
       used_swap_percentage = 100 * (swaptotal - swapfree) / swaptotal;
     }
-    float used_ram_gigabytes = 0.01 * round((memtotal - memfree) / 10485.76);
-    float used_swap_gigabytes = 0.01 * round((swaptotal - swapfree) / 10485.76);
-    float available_ram_gigabytes = 0.01 * round(memfree / 10485.76);
-    float available_swap_gigabytes = 0.01 * round(swapfree / 10485.76);
+
+    float divisor = kUnits.at(unit_);
+    float total_ram = memtotal / divisor;
+    float total_swap = swaptotal / divisor;
+    float used_ram = (memtotal - memfree) / divisor;
+    float used_swap = (swaptotal - swapfree) / divisor;
+    float available_ram = memfree / divisor;
+    float available_swap = swapfree / divisor;
 
     auto format = format_;
     auto state = getState(used_ram_percentage);
@@ -58,12 +80,12 @@ auto waybar::modules::Memory::update() -> void {
       label_.set_markup(fmt::format(
           fmt::runtime(format), used_ram_percentage,
           fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(used_ram_percentage, icons)),
-          fmt::arg("total", total_ram_gigabytes), fmt::arg("swapTotal", total_swap_gigabytes),
+          fmt::arg("total", total_ram), fmt::arg("swapTotal", total_swap),
           fmt::arg("percentage", used_ram_percentage),
           fmt::arg("swapState", swaptotal == 0 ? "Off" : "On"),
-          fmt::arg("swapPercentage", used_swap_percentage), fmt::arg("used", used_ram_gigabytes),
-          fmt::arg("swapUsed", used_swap_gigabytes), fmt::arg("avail", available_ram_gigabytes),
-          fmt::arg("swapAvail", available_swap_gigabytes)));
+          fmt::arg("swapPercentage", used_swap_percentage), fmt::arg("used", used_ram),
+          fmt::arg("swapUsed", used_swap), fmt::arg("avail", available_ram),
+          fmt::arg("swapAvail", available_swap)));
     }
 
     if (tooltipEnabled()) {
@@ -71,14 +93,14 @@ auto waybar::modules::Memory::update() -> void {
         auto tooltip_format = config_["tooltip-format"].asString();
         label_.set_tooltip_markup(fmt::format(
             fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), used_ram_percentage,
-            fmt::arg("total", total_ram_gigabytes), fmt::arg("swapTotal", total_swap_gigabytes),
+            fmt::arg("total", total_ram), fmt::arg("swapTotal", total_swap),
             fmt::arg("percentage", used_ram_percentage),
             fmt::arg("swapState", swaptotal == 0 ? "Off" : "On"),
-            fmt::arg("swapPercentage", used_swap_percentage), fmt::arg("used", used_ram_gigabytes),
-            fmt::arg("swapUsed", used_swap_gigabytes), fmt::arg("avail", available_ram_gigabytes),
-            fmt::arg("swapAvail", available_swap_gigabytes)));
+            fmt::arg("swapPercentage", used_swap_percentage), fmt::arg("used", used_ram),
+            fmt::arg("swapUsed", used_swap), fmt::arg("avail", available_ram),
+            fmt::arg("swapAvail", available_swap)));
       } else {
-        label_.set_tooltip_markup(fmt::format("{:.{}f}GiB used", used_ram_gigabytes, 1));
+        label_.set_tooltip_markup(fmt::format("{:.{}f}{} used", used_ram, 1, unit_));
       }
     }
   } else {

src/modules/mpd/mpd.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <system_error>
 #include <util/sanitize_str.hpp>
+#include <util/utf8_string.hpp>
 using namespace waybar::util;
 
 #include "modules/mpd/state.hpp"
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@ waybar::modules::MPD::MPD(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& config)
       timeout_(config_["timeout"].isUInt() ? config_["timeout"].asUInt() * 1'000 : 30'000),
       connection_(nullptr, &mpd_connection_free),
       status_(nullptr, &mpd_status_free),
-      song_(nullptr, &mpd_song_free) {
+      song_(nullptr, &mpd_song_free),
+      ellipsis_(config_["ellipsis"].isString() ? config_["ellipsis"].asString() : "\u2026") {
   if (!config_["port"].isNull() && !config_["port"].isUInt()) {
     spdlog::warn("{}: `port` configuration should be an unsigned int", module_name_);
   }
@@ -51,21 +53,6 @@ auto waybar::modules::MPD::update() -> void {
   ALabel::update();
 }
 
-void waybar::modules::MPD::queryMPD() {
-  if (connection_ != nullptr) {
-    spdlog::trace("{}: fetching state information", module_name_);
-    try {
-      fetchState();
-      spdlog::trace("{}: fetch complete", module_name_);
-    } catch (std::exception const& e) {
-      spdlog::error("{}: {}", module_name_, e.what());
-      state_ = MPD_STATE_UNKNOWN;
-    }
-
-    dp.emit();
-  }
-}
-
 std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getTag(mpd_tag_type type, unsigned idx) const {
   std::string result =
       config_["unknown-tag"].isString() ? config_["unknown-tag"].asString() : "N/A";
@@ -98,7 +85,7 @@ void waybar::modules::MPD::setLabel() {
                       ? config_["format-disconnected"].asString()
                       : "disconnected";
     if (format.empty()) {
-      label_.set_markup(format);
+      setLabelMarkup(format);
       label_.show();
     } else {
       label_.hide();
@@ -110,22 +97,22 @@ void waybar::modules::MPD::setLabel() {
                            ? config_["tooltip-format-disconnected"].asString()
                            : "MPD (disconnected)";
       // Nothing to format
-      label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltip_format);
+      setTooltipMarkup(tooltip_format);
     }
     return;
   }
   label_.get_style_context()->remove_class("disconnected");
 
   auto format = format_;
-  Glib::ustring artist, album_artist, album, title;
   std::string date, filename, uri;
   int song_pos = 0, queue_length = 0, volume = 0;
   std::chrono::seconds elapsedTime, totalTime;
 
   std::string stateIcon = "";
   bool no_song = song_.get() == nullptr;
-  if (stopped() || no_song) {
-    if (no_song) spdlog::warn("Bug in mpd: no current song but state is not stopped.");
+  bool is_stopped = stopped();
+  if (is_stopped || no_song) {
+    if (no_song && !is_stopped) spdlog::warn("mpd: no current song while state is not stopped");
     format =
         config_["format-stopped"].isString() ? config_["format-stopped"].asString() : "stopped";
     label_.get_style_context()->add_class("stopped");
@@ -137,18 +124,15 @@ void waybar::modules::MPD::setLabel() {
       label_.get_style_context()->add_class("playing");
       label_.get_style_context()->remove_class("paused");
     } else if (paused()) {
-      format = config_["format-paused"].isString() ? config_["format-paused"].asString()
-                                                   : config_["format"].asString();
+      if (config_["format-paused"].isString()) {
+        format = config_["format-paused"].asString();
+      }
       label_.get_style_context()->add_class("paused");
       label_.get_style_context()->remove_class("playing");
     }
 
     stateIcon = getStateIcon();
 
-    artist = sanitize_string(getTag(MPD_TAG_ARTIST));
-    album_artist = sanitize_string(getTag(MPD_TAG_ALBUM_ARTIST));
-    album = sanitize_string(getTag(MPD_TAG_ALBUM));
-    title = sanitize_string(getTag(MPD_TAG_TITLE));
     date = sanitize_string(getTag(MPD_TAG_DATE));
     filename = sanitize_string(getFilename());
     uri = mpd_song_get_uri(song_.get());
@@ -170,17 +154,12 @@ void waybar::modules::MPD::setLabel() {
   std::string repeatIcon = getOptionIcon("repeat", repeatActivated);
   bool singleActivated = mpd_status_get_single(status_.get());
   std::string singleIcon = getOptionIcon("single", singleActivated);
-  if (config_["artist-len"].isInt()) artist = artist.substr(0, config_["artist-len"].asInt());
-  if (config_["album-artist-len"].isInt())
-    album_artist = album_artist.substr(0, config_["album-artist-len"].asInt());
-  if (config_["album-len"].isInt()) album = album.substr(0, config_["album-len"].asInt());
-  if (config_["title-len"].isInt()) title = title.substr(0, config_["title-len"].asInt());
 
   try {
     auto text = fmt::format(
-        fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("artist", artist.raw()),
-        fmt::arg("albumArtist", album_artist.raw()), fmt::arg("album", album.raw()),
-        fmt::arg("title", title.raw()), fmt::arg("date", date), fmt::arg("volume", volume),
+        fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("artist", getArtistStr(true)),
+        fmt::arg("albumArtist", getAlbumArtistStr(true)), fmt::arg("album", getAlbumStr(true)),
+        fmt::arg("title", getTitleStr(true)), fmt::arg("date", date), fmt::arg("volume", volume),
         fmt::arg("elapsedTime", elapsedTime), fmt::arg("totalTime", totalTime),
         fmt::arg("songPosition", song_pos), fmt::arg("queueLength", queue_length),
         fmt::arg("stateIcon", stateIcon), fmt::arg("consumeIcon", consumeIcon),
@@ -190,7 +169,7 @@ void waybar::modules::MPD::setLabel() {
       label_.hide();
     } else {
       label_.show();
-      label_.set_markup(text);
+      setLabelMarkup(text);
     }
   } catch (fmt::format_error const& e) {
     spdlog::warn("mpd: format error: {}", e.what());
@@ -202,15 +181,15 @@ void waybar::modules::MPD::setLabel() {
                                                           : "MPD (connected)";
     try {
       auto tooltip_text = fmt::format(
-          fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("artist", artist.raw()),
-          fmt::arg("albumArtist", album_artist.raw()), fmt::arg("album", album.raw()),
-          fmt::arg("title", title.raw()), fmt::arg("date", date), fmt::arg("volume", volume),
+          fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("artist", getArtistStr(false)),
+          fmt::arg("albumArtist", getAlbumArtistStr(false)), fmt::arg("album", getAlbumStr(false)),
+          fmt::arg("title", getTitleStr(false)), fmt::arg("date", date), fmt::arg("volume", volume),
           fmt::arg("elapsedTime", elapsedTime), fmt::arg("totalTime", totalTime),
           fmt::arg("songPosition", song_pos), fmt::arg("queueLength", queue_length),
           fmt::arg("stateIcon", stateIcon), fmt::arg("consumeIcon", consumeIcon),
           fmt::arg("randomIcon", randomIcon), fmt::arg("repeatIcon", repeatIcon),
           fmt::arg("singleIcon", singleIcon), fmt::arg("filename", filename), fmt::arg("uri", uri));
-      label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltip_text);
+      setTooltipMarkup(tooltip_text);
     } catch (fmt::format_error const& e) {
       spdlog::warn("mpd: format error (tooltip): {}", e.what());
     }
@@ -239,7 +218,8 @@ std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getStateIcon() const {
   }
 }
 
-std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getOptionIcon(std::string optionName, bool activated) const {
+std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getOptionIcon(const std::string& optionName,
+                                                bool activated) const {
   if (!config_[optionName + "-icons"].isObject()) {
     return "";
   }
@@ -256,6 +236,38 @@ std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getOptionIcon(std::string optionName, bool act
   }
 }
 
+std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getArtistStr(bool truncated) const {
+  std::string artist = getTag(MPD_TAG_ARTIST);
+  if (truncated && config_["artist-len"].isInt()) {
+    waybar::util::utf8_truncate(artist, ellipsis_, config_["artist-len"].asInt());
+  }
+  return sanitize_string(artist);
+}
+
+std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getAlbumArtistStr(bool truncated) const {
+  std::string album_artist = getTag(MPD_TAG_ALBUM_ARTIST);
+  if (truncated && config_["album-artist-len"].isInt()) {
+    waybar::util::utf8_truncate(album_artist, ellipsis_, config_["album-artist-len"].asInt());
+  }
+  return sanitize_string(album_artist);
+}
+
+std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getAlbumStr(bool truncated) const {
+  std::string album = getTag(MPD_TAG_ALBUM);
+  if (truncated && config_["album-len"].isInt()) {
+    waybar::util::utf8_truncate(album, ellipsis_, config_["album-len"].asInt());
+  }
+  return sanitize_string(album);
+}
+
+std::string waybar::modules::MPD::getTitleStr(bool truncated) const {
+  std::string title = getTag(MPD_TAG_TITLE);
+  if (truncated && config_["title-len"].isInt()) {
+    waybar::util::utf8_truncate(title, ellipsis_, config_["title-len"].asInt());
+  }
+  return sanitize_string(title);
+}
+
 static bool isServerUnavailable(const std::error_code& ec) {
   if (ec.category() == std::system_category()) {
     switch (ec.value()) {

src/modules/mpd/state.cpp

@@ -152,7 +152,6 @@ bool Playing::on_timer() {
       return false;
     }
 
-    ctx_->queryMPD();
     ctx_->emit();
   } catch (std::exception const& e) {
     spdlog::warn("mpd: Playing: error: {}", e.what());

src/modules/mpris/mpris.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "util/scope_guard.hpp"
+#include "util/utf8_string.hpp"
 
 extern "C" {
 #include <playerctl/playerctl.h>
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@ Mpris::Mpris(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& config)
     player_ = config_["player"].asString();
   }
   if (config_["ignored-players"].isArray()) {
+    ignored_players_.reserve(config_["ignored-players"].size());
     for (const auto& item : config_["ignored-players"]) {
       if (item.isString()) {
         ignored_players_.push_back(item.asString());
@@ -161,8 +163,7 @@ Mpris::Mpris(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& config)
   if (player) {
     g_object_connect(player, "signal::play", G_CALLBACK(onPlayerPlay), this, "signal::pause",
                      G_CALLBACK(onPlayerPause), this, "signal::stop", G_CALLBACK(onPlayerStop),
-                     this, "signal::stop", G_CALLBACK(onPlayerStop), this, "signal::metadata",
-                     G_CALLBACK(onPlayerMetadata), this, NULL);
+                     this, "signal::metadata", G_CALLBACK(onPlayerMetadata), this, NULL);
   }
 
   // allow setting an interval count that triggers periodic refreshes
@@ -178,9 +179,17 @@ Mpris::Mpris(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& config)
 }
 
 Mpris::~Mpris() {
-  if (last_active_player_ && last_active_player_ != player) g_object_unref(last_active_player_);
-  if (manager != nullptr) g_object_unref(manager);
-  if (player != nullptr) g_object_unref(player);
+  if (manager != nullptr) {
+    g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_data(manager, this);
+  }
+  if (player != nullptr) {
+    g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_data(player, this);
+  }
+  if (last_active_player_ != nullptr && last_active_player_ != player) {
+    g_object_unref(last_active_player_);
+  }
+  g_clear_object(&manager);
+  g_clear_object(&player);
 }
 
 auto Mpris::getIconFromJson(const Json::Value& icons, const std::string& key) -> std::string {
@@ -194,69 +203,22 @@ auto Mpris::getIconFromJson(const Json::Value& icons, const std::string& key) ->
 // Wide characters count as two, zero-width characters count as zero
 // Modifies str in-place (unless width = std::string::npos)
 // Returns the total width of the string pre-truncating
-size_t utf8_truncate(std::string& str, size_t width = std::string::npos) {
-  if (str.length() == 0) return 0;
-
-  const gchar* trunc_end = nullptr;
-
-  size_t total_width = 0;
-
-  for (gchar *data = str.data(), *end = data + str.size(); data != nullptr;) {
-    gunichar c = g_utf8_get_char_validated(data, end - data);
-    if (c == -1U || c == -2U) {
-      // invalid unicode, treat string as ascii
-      if (width != std::string::npos && str.length() > width) str.resize(width);
-      return str.length();
-    } else if (g_unichar_iswide(c)) {
-      total_width += 2;
-    } else if (!g_unichar_iszerowidth(c) && c != 0xAD) {  // neither zero-width nor soft hyphen
-      total_width += 1;
-    }
-
-    data = g_utf8_find_next_char(data, end);
-    if (width != std::string::npos && total_width <= width && !g_unichar_isspace(c))
-      trunc_end = data;
-  }
-
-  if (trunc_end) str.resize(trunc_end - str.data());
-
-  return total_width;
-}
-
-size_t utf8_width(const std::string& str) { return utf8_truncate(const_cast<std::string&>(str)); }
-
-void truncate(std::string& s, const std::string& ellipsis, size_t max_len) {
-  if (max_len == 0) {
-    s.resize(0);
-    return;
-  }
-  size_t len = utf8_truncate(s, max_len);
-  if (len > max_len) {
-    size_t ellipsis_len = utf8_width(ellipsis);
-    if (max_len >= ellipsis_len) {
-      if (ellipsis_len) utf8_truncate(s, max_len - ellipsis_len);
-      s += ellipsis;
-    } else {
-      s.resize(0);
-    }
-  }
-}
 
 auto Mpris::getArtistStr(const PlayerInfo& info, bool truncated) -> std::string {
   auto artist = info.artist.value_or(std::string());
-  if (truncated && artist_len_ >= 0) truncate(artist, ellipsis_, artist_len_);
+  if (truncated && artist_len_ >= 0) waybar::util::utf8_truncate(artist, ellipsis_, artist_len_);
   return artist;
 }
 
 auto Mpris::getAlbumStr(const PlayerInfo& info, bool truncated) -> std::string {
   auto album = info.album.value_or(std::string());
-  if (truncated && album_len_ >= 0) truncate(album, ellipsis_, album_len_);
+  if (truncated && album_len_ >= 0) waybar::util::utf8_truncate(album, ellipsis_, album_len_);
   return album;
 }
 
 auto Mpris::getTitleStr(const PlayerInfo& info, bool truncated) -> std::string {
   auto title = info.title.value_or(std::string());
-  if (truncated && title_len_ >= 0) truncate(title, ellipsis_, title_len_);
+  if (truncated && title_len_ >= 0) waybar::util::utf8_truncate(title, ellipsis_, title_len_);
   return title;
 }
 
@@ -284,9 +246,9 @@ auto Mpris::getDynamicStr(const PlayerInfo& info, bool truncated, bool html) ->
   // keep position format same as length format
   auto position = getPositionStr(info, truncated && truncate_hours_ && length.length() < 6);
 
-  size_t artistLen = utf8_width(artist);
-  size_t albumLen = utf8_width(album);
-  size_t titleLen = utf8_width(title);
+  size_t artistLen = waybar::util::utf8_width(artist);
+  size_t albumLen = waybar::util::utf8_width(album);
+  size_t titleLen = waybar::util::utf8_width(title);
   size_t lengthLen = length.length();
   size_t posLen = position.length();
 
@@ -305,7 +267,7 @@ auto Mpris::getDynamicStr(const PlayerInfo& info, bool truncated, bool html) ->
     // Since the first element doesn't present a separator and we don't know a priori which one
     // it will be, we add a "virtual separatorLen" to the dynamicLen, since we are adding the
     // separatorLen to all the other lengths.
-    size_t separatorLen = utf8_width(dynamic_separator_);
+    size_t separatorLen = waybar::util::utf8_width(dynamic_separator_);
     size_t dynamicLen = dynamic_len_ + separatorLen;
     if (showArtist) artistLen += separatorLen;
     if (showAlbum) albumLen += separatorLen;
@@ -411,11 +373,14 @@ auto Mpris::onPlayerNameAppeared(PlayerctlPlayerManager* manager, PlayerctlPlaye
     return;
   }
 
+  if (mpris->player != nullptr) {
+    g_signal_handlers_disconnect_by_data(mpris->player, mpris);
+    g_clear_object(&mpris->player);
+  }
   mpris->player = playerctl_player_new_from_name(player_name, nullptr);
   g_object_connect(mpris->player, "signal::play", G_CALLBACK(onPlayerPlay), mpris, "signal::pause",
                    G_CALLBACK(onPlayerPause), mpris, "signal::stop", G_CALLBACK(onPlayerStop),
-                   mpris, "signal::stop", G_CALLBACK(onPlayerStop), mpris, "signal::metadata",
-                   G_CALLBACK(onPlayerMetadata), mpris, NULL);
+                   mpris, "signal::metadata", G_CALLBACK(onPlayerMetadata), mpris, NULL);
 
   mpris->dp.emit();
 }
@@ -764,9 +729,12 @@ auto Mpris::update() -> void {
       auto tooltip_text = fmt::format(
           fmt::runtime(tooltipstr), fmt::arg("player", info.name),
           fmt::arg("status", info.status_string),
-          fmt::arg("artist", getArtistStr(info, tooltip_len_limits_)),
-          fmt::arg("title", getTitleStr(info, tooltip_len_limits_)),
-          fmt::arg("album", getAlbumStr(info, tooltip_len_limits_)),
+          fmt::arg("artist",
+                   std::string(Glib::Markup::escape_text(getArtistStr(info, tooltip_len_limits_)))),
+          fmt::arg("title",
+                   std::string(Glib::Markup::escape_text(getTitleStr(info, tooltip_len_limits_)))),
+          fmt::arg("album",
+                   std::string(Glib::Markup::escape_text(getAlbumStr(info, tooltip_len_limits_)))),
           fmt::arg("length", tooltipLength), fmt::arg("position", tooltipPosition),
           fmt::arg("dynamic", getDynamicStr(info, tooltip_len_limits_, false)),
           fmt::arg("player_icon", getIconFromJson(config_["player-icons"], info.name)),

src/modules/network.cpp

@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ waybar::modules::Network::Network(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& conf
     bandwidth_down_total_ = 0;
     bandwidth_up_total_ = 0;
   }
+  bandwidth_last_sample_time_ = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
   if (!config_["interface"].isString()) {
     // "interface" isn't configured, then try to guess the external
@@ -277,10 +278,24 @@ const std::string waybar::modules::Network::getNetworkState() const {
 auto waybar::modules::Network::update() -> void {
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
   std::string tooltip_format;
+  auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+  auto elapsed_seconds = std::chrono::duration<double>(now - bandwidth_last_sample_time_).count();
 
-  auto bandwidth = readBandwidthUsage();
   auto bandwidth_down = 0ull;
   auto bandwidth_up = 0ull;
+
+  // Only recalculate bandwidth when enough time has elapsed since the last
+  // sample.  Event-driven dp.emit() calls (link/addr/route changes) can
+  // trigger update() between timer intervals, which would consume the byte
+  // delta prematurely and show near-zero bandwidth.
+  auto min_elapsed = std::chrono::duration<double>(interval_).count() * 0.5;
+  if (elapsed_seconds >= min_elapsed) {
+    if (elapsed_seconds <= 0.0) {
+      elapsed_seconds = std::chrono::duration<double>(interval_).count();
+    }
+    bandwidth_last_sample_time_ = now;
+
+    auto bandwidth = readBandwidthUsage();
     if (bandwidth.has_value()) {
       auto down_octets = (*bandwidth).first;
       auto up_octets = (*bandwidth).second;
@@ -290,6 +305,14 @@ auto waybar::modules::Network::update() -> void {
 
       bandwidth_up = up_octets - bandwidth_up_total_;
       bandwidth_up_total_ = up_octets;
+
+      bandwidth_down_prev_ = bandwidth_down;
+      bandwidth_up_prev_ = bandwidth_up;
+    }
+  } else {
+    bandwidth_down = bandwidth_down_prev_;
+    bandwidth_up = bandwidth_up_prev_;
+    elapsed_seconds = std::chrono::duration<double>(interval_).count();
   }
 
   if (!alt_) {
@@ -321,6 +344,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Network::update() -> void {
   } else if (addr_pref_ == ip_addr_pref::IPV6) {
     final_ipaddr_ = ipaddr6_;
   } else if (addr_pref_ == ip_addr_pref::IPV4_6) {
+    final_ipaddr_.reserve(ipaddr_.length() + ipaddr6_.length() + 1);
     final_ipaddr_ = ipaddr_;
     final_ipaddr_ += '\n';
     final_ipaddr_ += ipaddr6_;
@@ -334,23 +358,18 @@ auto waybar::modules::Network::update() -> void {
       fmt::arg("ipaddr", final_ipaddr_), fmt::arg("gwaddr", gwaddr_), fmt::arg("cidr", cidr_),
       fmt::arg("cidr6", cidr6_), fmt::arg("frequency", fmt::format("{:.1f}", frequency_)),
       fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(signal_strength_, state_)),
-      fmt::arg("bandwidthDownBits",
-               pow_format(bandwidth_down * 8ull / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "b/s")),
-      fmt::arg("bandwidthUpBits",
-               pow_format(bandwidth_up * 8ull / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "b/s")),
-      fmt::arg(
-          "bandwidthTotalBits",
-          pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) * 8ull / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "b/s")),
-      fmt::arg("bandwidthDownOctets",
-               pow_format(bandwidth_down / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "o/s")),
-      fmt::arg("bandwidthUpOctets", pow_format(bandwidth_up / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "o/s")),
+      fmt::arg("bandwidthDownBits", pow_format(bandwidth_down * 8ull / elapsed_seconds, "b/s")),
+      fmt::arg("bandwidthUpBits", pow_format(bandwidth_up * 8ull / elapsed_seconds, "b/s")),
+      fmt::arg("bandwidthTotalBits",
+               pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) * 8ull / elapsed_seconds, "b/s")),
+      fmt::arg("bandwidthDownOctets", pow_format(bandwidth_down / elapsed_seconds, "o/s")),
+      fmt::arg("bandwidthUpOctets", pow_format(bandwidth_up / elapsed_seconds, "o/s")),
       fmt::arg("bandwidthTotalOctets",
-               pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "o/s")),
-      fmt::arg("bandwidthDownBytes",
-               pow_format(bandwidth_down / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "B/s")),
-      fmt::arg("bandwidthUpBytes", pow_format(bandwidth_up / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "B/s")),
+               pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) / elapsed_seconds, "o/s")),
+      fmt::arg("bandwidthDownBytes", pow_format(bandwidth_down / elapsed_seconds, "B/s")),
+      fmt::arg("bandwidthUpBytes", pow_format(bandwidth_up / elapsed_seconds, "B/s")),
       fmt::arg("bandwidthTotalBytes",
-               pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) / (interval_.count() / 1000.0), "B/s")));
+               pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) / elapsed_seconds, "B/s")));
   if (text.compare(label_.get_label()) != 0) {
     label_.set_markup(text);
     if (text.empty()) {
@@ -372,19 +391,18 @@ auto waybar::modules::Network::update() -> void {
           fmt::arg("ipaddr", final_ipaddr_), fmt::arg("gwaddr", gwaddr_), fmt::arg("cidr", cidr_),
           fmt::arg("cidr6", cidr6_), fmt::arg("frequency", fmt::format("{:.1f}", frequency_)),
           fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(signal_strength_, state_)),
-          fmt::arg("bandwidthDownBits",
-                   pow_format(bandwidth_down * 8ull / interval_.count(), "b/s")),
-          fmt::arg("bandwidthUpBits", pow_format(bandwidth_up * 8ull / interval_.count(), "b/s")),
+          fmt::arg("bandwidthDownBits", pow_format(bandwidth_down * 8ull / elapsed_seconds, "b/s")),
+          fmt::arg("bandwidthUpBits", pow_format(bandwidth_up * 8ull / elapsed_seconds, "b/s")),
           fmt::arg("bandwidthTotalBits",
-                   pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) * 8ull / interval_.count(), "b/s")),
-          fmt::arg("bandwidthDownOctets", pow_format(bandwidth_down / interval_.count(), "o/s")),
-          fmt::arg("bandwidthUpOctets", pow_format(bandwidth_up / interval_.count(), "o/s")),
+                   pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) * 8ull / elapsed_seconds, "b/s")),
+          fmt::arg("bandwidthDownOctets", pow_format(bandwidth_down / elapsed_seconds, "o/s")),
+          fmt::arg("bandwidthUpOctets", pow_format(bandwidth_up / elapsed_seconds, "o/s")),
           fmt::arg("bandwidthTotalOctets",
-                   pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) / interval_.count(), "o/s")),
-          fmt::arg("bandwidthDownBytes", pow_format(bandwidth_down / interval_.count(), "B/s")),
-          fmt::arg("bandwidthUpBytes", pow_format(bandwidth_up / interval_.count(), "B/s")),
+                   pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) / elapsed_seconds, "o/s")),
+          fmt::arg("bandwidthDownBytes", pow_format(bandwidth_down / elapsed_seconds, "B/s")),
+          fmt::arg("bandwidthUpBytes", pow_format(bandwidth_up / elapsed_seconds, "B/s")),
           fmt::arg("bandwidthTotalBytes",
-                   pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) / interval_.count(), "B/s")));
+                   pow_format((bandwidth_up + bandwidth_down) / elapsed_seconds, "B/s")));
       if (label_.get_tooltip_text() != tooltip_text) {
         label_.set_tooltip_markup(tooltip_text);
       }
@@ -626,18 +644,31 @@ int waybar::modules::Network::handleEvents(struct nl_msg* msg, void* data) {
           case IFA_LOCAL:
             char ipaddr[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
             if (!is_del_event) {
+              bool addr_changed = false;
+              std::string changed_ipaddr;
+              int changed_cidr = 0;
               if ((net->addr_pref_ == ip_addr_pref::IPV4 ||
                    net->addr_pref_ == ip_addr_pref::IPV4_6) &&
                   net->cidr_ == 0 && ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET) {
-                net->ipaddr_ =
-                    inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(ifa_rta), ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr));
+                if (inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(ifa_rta), ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr)) !=
+                    nullptr) {
+                  net->ipaddr_ = ipaddr;
                   net->cidr_ = ifa->ifa_prefixlen;
+                  addr_changed = true;
+                  changed_ipaddr = net->ipaddr_;
+                  changed_cidr = net->cidr_;
+                }
               } else if ((net->addr_pref_ == ip_addr_pref::IPV6 ||
                           net->addr_pref_ == ip_addr_pref::IPV4_6) &&
                          net->cidr6_ == 0 && ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET6) {
-                net->ipaddr6_ =
-                    inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(ifa_rta), ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr));
+                if (inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(ifa_rta), ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr)) !=
+                    nullptr) {
+                  net->ipaddr6_ = ipaddr;
                   net->cidr6_ = ifa->ifa_prefixlen;
+                  addr_changed = true;
+                  changed_ipaddr = net->ipaddr6_;
+                  changed_cidr = net->cidr6_;
+                }
               }
 
               switch (ifa->ifa_family) {
@@ -657,14 +688,20 @@ int waybar::modules::Network::handleEvents(struct nl_msg* msg, void* data) {
                   net->netmask6_ = inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, &netmask6, ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr));
                 }
               }
-              spdlog::debug("network: {}, new addr {}/{}", net->ifname_, net->ipaddr_, net->cidr_);
+              if (addr_changed) {
+                spdlog::debug("network: {}, new addr {}/{}", net->ifname_, changed_ipaddr,
+                              changed_cidr);
+              }
             } else {
+              if (ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET) {
                 net->ipaddr_.clear();
-              net->ipaddr6_.clear();
                 net->cidr_ = 0;
-              net->cidr6_ = 0;
                 net->netmask_.clear();
+              } else if (ifa->ifa_family == AF_INET6) {
+                net->ipaddr6_.clear();
+                net->cidr6_ = 0;
                 net->netmask6_.clear();
+              }
               spdlog::debug("network: {} addr deleted {}/{}", net->ifname_,
                             inet_ntop(ifa->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(ifa_rta), ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr)),
                             ifa->ifa_prefixlen);
@@ -719,16 +756,20 @@ int waybar::modules::Network::handleEvents(struct nl_msg* msg, void* data) {
             /* The destination address.
              * Should be either missing, or maybe all 0s.  Accept both.
              */
-            const uint32_t nr_zeroes = (family == AF_INET) ? 4 : 16;
-            unsigned char c = 0;
-            size_t dstlen = RTA_PAYLOAD(attr);
-            if (dstlen != nr_zeroes) {
+            auto* dest = (const unsigned char*)RTA_DATA(attr);
+            size_t dest_size = RTA_PAYLOAD(attr);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < dest_size; ++i) {
+              if (dest[i] != 0) {
+                has_destination = true;
                 break;
               }
-            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dstlen; i += 1) {
-              c |= *((unsigned char*)RTA_DATA(attr) + i);
             }
-            has_destination = (c == 0);
+
+            if (rtm->rtm_dst_len != 0) {
+              // We have found a destination like 0.0.0.0/24, this is not a
+              // default gateway route.
+              has_destination = true;
+            }
             break;
           }
           case RTA_OIF:

src/modules/niri/backend.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "giomm/dataoutputstream.h"
 #include "giomm/unixinputstream.h"
 #include "giomm/unixoutputstream.h"
+#include "util/scoped_fd.hpp"
 
 namespace waybar::modules::niri {
 
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ int IPC::connectToSocket() {
   }
 
   struct sockaddr_un addr;
-  int socketfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  util::ScopedFd socketfd(socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0));
 
   if (socketfd == -1) {
     throw std::runtime_error("socketfd failed");
@@ -45,11 +46,10 @@ int IPC::connectToSocket() {
   int l = sizeof(struct sockaddr_un);
 
   if (connect(socketfd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, l) == -1) {
-    close(socketfd);
     throw std::runtime_error("unable to connect");
   }
 
-  return socketfd;
+  return socketfd.release();
 }
 
 void IPC::startIPC() {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ void IPC::unregisterForIPC(EventHandler* ev_handler) {
 }
 
 Json::Value IPC::send(const Json::Value& request) {
-  int socketfd = connectToSocket();
+  util::ScopedFd socketfd(connectToSocket());
 
   auto unix_istream = Gio::UnixInputStream::create(socketfd, true);
   auto unix_ostream = Gio::UnixOutputStream::create(socketfd, false);

src/modules/niri/language.cpp

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ void Language::updateFromIPC() {
   auto ipcLock = gIPC->lockData();
 
   layouts_.clear();
+  layouts_.reserve(gIPC->keyboardLayoutNames().size());
   for (const auto& fullName : gIPC->keyboardLayoutNames()) layouts_.push_back(getLayout(fullName));
 
   current_idx_ = gIPC->keyboardLayoutCurrent();
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ void Language::doUpdate() {
 
   spdlog::debug("niri language formatted layout name {}", layoutName);
 
-  if (!format_.empty()) {
+  if (!layoutName.empty()) {
     label_.show();
     label_.set_markup(layoutName);
   } else {

src/modules/niri/workspaces.cpp

@@ -103,7 +103,9 @@ void Workspaces::doUpdate() {
                          fmt::arg("output", ws["output"].asString()));
     }
     if (!config_["disable-markup"].asBool()) {
-      static_cast<Gtk::Label*>(button.get_children()[0])->set_markup(name);
+      auto* child = gtk_bin_get_child(GTK_BIN(button.gobj()));
+      if (child != nullptr && GTK_IS_LABEL(child))
+        gtk_label_set_markup(GTK_LABEL(child), name.c_str());
     } else {
       button.set_label(name);
     }
@@ -114,6 +116,11 @@ void Workspaces::doUpdate() {
         button.show();
       else
         button.hide();
+    } else if (config_["hide-empty"].asBool()) {
+      if (ws["active_window_id"].isNull() && !ws["is_focused"].asBool())
+          button.hide();
+      else
+          button.show();
     } else {
       button.show();
     }

src/modules/privacy/privacy.cpp

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ Privacy::Privacy(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& config, Gtk::Orientat
       auto* item = Gtk::make_managed<PrivacyItem>(module, nodeType, nodePtr, orientation, pos,
                                                   iconSize, transition_duration);
       box_.add(*item);
+      modules_.push_back(item);
     }
   }
 
@@ -148,9 +149,7 @@ auto Privacy::update() -> void {
   bool useAudioOut = false;
 
   mutex_.lock();
-  for (Gtk::Widget* widget : box_.get_children()) {
-    auto* module = dynamic_cast<PrivacyItem*>(widget);
-    if (module == nullptr) continue;
+  for (PrivacyItem* module : modules_) {
     switch (module->privacy_type) {
       case util::PipewireBackend::PRIVACY_NODE_TYPE_VIDEO_INPUT:
         setScreenshare = true;

src/modules/pulseaudio_slider.cpp

@@ -10,73 +10,51 @@ PulseaudioSlider::PulseaudioSlider(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& con
   if (config_["target"].isString()) {
     std::string target = config_["target"].asString();
     if (target == "sink") {
-      this->target = PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink;
+      this->target = util::PulseaudioTarget::Sink;
     } else if (target == "source") {
-      this->target = PulseaudioSliderTarget::Source;
+      this->target = util::PulseaudioTarget::Source;
     }
   }
+
+  if (config_["zero-on-mute"].isBool()) {
+    zero_on_mute = config_["zero-on-mute"].asBool();
+  }
+
+  if (config_["unmute-on-volume-change"].isBool()) {
+    unmute_on_volume_change = config_["unmute-on-volume-change"].asBool();
+  }
 }
 
 void PulseaudioSlider::update() {
-  switch (target) {
-    case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink:
-      if (backend->getSinkMuted()) {
-        scale_.set_value(min_);
-      } else {
-        scale_.set_value(backend->getSinkVolume());
-      }
-      break;
+  uint16_t display_value = backend->getVolume(target);
+  bool is_muted = backend->getMuted(target);
 
-    case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Source:
-      if (backend->getSourceMuted()) {
-        scale_.set_value(min_);
-      } else {
-        scale_.set_value(backend->getSourceVolume());
+  if (is_muted) {
+    if (zero_on_mute) {
+      display_value = min_;
     }
-      break;
+    if (!previously_muted) {
+      scale_.get_style_context()->add_class("muted");
     }
+  } else if (previously_muted) {
+    scale_.get_style_context()->remove_class("muted");
+  }
+
+  scale_.set_value(display_value);
+
+  previously_muted = is_muted;
 }
 
 void PulseaudioSlider::onValueChanged() {
-  bool is_mute = false;
+  uint16_t slider_value = scale_.get_value();
 
-  switch (target) {
-    case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink:
-      if (backend->getSinkMuted()) {
-        is_mute = true;
+  // Avoid setting sink/source to volume 0 if the user muted it via other means.
+  if (!backend->getMuted(target) || slider_value != 0) {
+    if (unmute_on_volume_change) {
+      backend->unmute(target);
     }
-      break;
-
-    case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Source:
-      if (backend->getSourceMuted()) {
-        is_mute = true;
+    backend->changeVolume(slider_value, min_, max_);
   }
-      break;
-  }
-
-  uint16_t volume = scale_.get_value();
-
-  if (is_mute) {
-    // Avoid setting sink/source to volume 0 if the user muted if via another mean.
-    if (volume == 0) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // If the sink/source is mute, but the user clicked the slider, unmute it!
-    else {
-      switch (target) {
-        case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink:
-          backend->toggleSinkMute(false);
-          break;
-
-        case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Source:
-          backend->toggleSourceMute(false);
-          break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  backend->changeVolume(volume, min_, max_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace waybar::modules

src/modules/sni/host.cpp

@@ -6,9 +6,13 @@
 
 namespace waybar::modules::SNI {
 
+static const unsigned RETRY_DELAY_MS = 200;
+static const unsigned MAX_RETRIES = 10;
+
 Host::Host(const std::size_t id, const Json::Value& config, const Bar& bar,
            const std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<Item>&)>& on_add,
-           const std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<Item>&)>& on_remove)
+           const std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<Item>&)>& on_remove,
+           const std::function<void()>& on_update)
     : bus_name_("org.kde.StatusNotifierHost-" + std::to_string(getpid()) + "-" +
                 std::to_string(id)),
       object_path_("/StatusNotifierHost/" + std::to_string(id)),
@@ -17,9 +21,11 @@ Host::Host(const std::size_t id, const Json::Value& config, const Bar& bar,
       config_(config),
       bar_(bar),
       on_add_(on_add),
-      on_remove_(on_remove) {}
+      on_remove_(on_remove),
+      on_update_(on_update) {}
 
 Host::~Host() {
+  retry_connection_.disconnect();
   if (bus_name_id_ > 0) {
     Gio::DBus::unown_name(bus_name_id_);
     bus_name_id_ = 0;
@@ -51,10 +57,12 @@ void Host::nameAppeared(const Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Connection>& conn, const G
 }
 
 void Host::nameVanished(const Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Connection>& conn, const Glib::ustring name) {
+  retry_connection_.disconnect();
+  retry_count_ = 0;
   g_cancellable_cancel(cancellable_);
   g_clear_object(&cancellable_);
   g_clear_object(&watcher_);
-  items_.clear();
+  clearItems();
 }
 
 void Host::proxyReady(GObject* src, GAsyncResult* res, gpointer data) {
@@ -70,11 +78,30 @@ void Host::proxyReady(GObject* src, GAsyncResult* res, gpointer data) {
     return;
   }
   auto host = static_cast<SNI::Host*>(data);
-  host->watcher_ = watcher;
   if (error != nullptr) {
     spdlog::error("Host: {}", error->message);
+    g_clear_object(&host->cancellable_);
+    if (host->retry_count_ >= MAX_RETRIES) {
+      spdlog::warn("Host: giving up on watcher proxy creation after {} retries", host->retry_count_);
       return;
     }
+    host->retry_count_ += 1;
+    // Store the timeout connection so it is disconnected in ~Host, avoiding a
+    // use-after-free if the Host is destroyed before the retry fires.
+    host->retry_connection_ = Glib::signal_timeout().connect(
+        [host]() {
+          if (host->watcher_ != nullptr) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          auto conn = Gio::DBus::Connection::get_sync(Gio::DBus::BusType::BUS_TYPE_SESSION);
+          host->nameAppeared(conn, "org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher", "");
+          return false;
+        },
+        RETRY_DELAY_MS);
+    return;
+  }
+  host->retry_count_ = 0;
+  host->watcher_ = watcher;
   sn_watcher_call_register_host(host->watcher_, host->object_path_.c_str(), host->cancellable_,
                                 &Host::registerHost, data);
 }
@@ -117,13 +144,50 @@ void Host::itemUnregistered(SnWatcher* watcher, const gchar* service, gpointer d
   auto [bus_name, object_path] = host->getBusNameAndObjectPath(service);
   for (auto it = host->items_.begin(); it != host->items_.end(); ++it) {
     if ((*it)->bus_name == bus_name && (*it)->object_path == object_path) {
-      host->on_remove_(*it);
-      host->items_.erase(it);
+      host->removeItem(it);
       break;
     }
   }
 }
 
+void Host::itemReady(Item& item) {
+  auto it = std::find_if(items_.begin(), items_.end(),
+                         [&item](const auto& candidate) { return candidate.get() == &item; });
+  if (it != items_.end() && (*it)->isReady()) {
+    on_add_(*it);
+  }
+}
+
+void Host::itemInvalidated(Item& item) {
+  auto it = std::find_if(items_.begin(), items_.end(),
+                         [&item](const auto& candidate) { return candidate.get() == &item; });
+  if (it != items_.end()) {
+    removeItem(it);
+  }
+}
+
+void Host::removeItem(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Item>>::iterator it) {
+  if ((*it)->isReady()) {
+    on_remove_(*it);
+  }
+  items_.erase(it);
+}
+
+void Host::clearItems() {
+  bool removed_ready_item = false;
+  for (auto& item : items_) {
+    if (item->isReady()) {
+      on_remove_(item);
+      removed_ready_item = true;
+    }
+  }
+  bool had_items = !items_.empty();
+  items_.clear();
+  if (had_items && !removed_ready_item) {
+    on_update_();
+  }
+}
+
 std::tuple<std::string, std::string> Host::getBusNameAndObjectPath(const std::string service) {
   auto it = service.find('/');
   if (it != std::string::npos) {
@@ -132,15 +196,18 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> Host::getBusNameAndObjectPath(const std::st
   return {service, "/StatusNotifierItem"};
 }
 
-void Host::addRegisteredItem(std::string service) {
+void Host::addRegisteredItem(const std::string& service) {
   std::string bus_name, object_path;
   std::tie(bus_name, object_path) = getBusNameAndObjectPath(service);
   auto it = std::find_if(items_.begin(), items_.end(), [&bus_name, &object_path](const auto& item) {
     return bus_name == item->bus_name && object_path == item->object_path;
   });
   if (it == items_.end()) {
-    items_.emplace_back(new Item(bus_name, object_path, config_, bar_));
-    on_add_(items_.back());
+    items_.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Item>(
+      bus_name, object_path, config_, bar_,
+      [this](Item& item) { itemReady(item); },
+      [this](Item& item) { itemInvalidated(item); },
+      on_update_));
   }
 }
 

src/modules/sni/item.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <gtkmm/tooltip.h>
 #include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <map>
@@ -37,13 +38,18 @@ namespace waybar::modules::SNI {
 static const Glib::ustring SNI_INTERFACE_NAME = sn_item_interface_info()->name;
 static const unsigned UPDATE_DEBOUNCE_TIME = 10;
 
-Item::Item(const std::string& bn, const std::string& op, const Json::Value& config, const Bar& bar)
+Item::Item(const std::string& bn, const std::string& op, const Json::Value& config, const Bar& bar,
+           const std::function<void(Item&)>& on_ready,
+           const std::function<void(Item&)>& on_invalidate, const std::function<void()>& on_updated)
     : bus_name(bn),
       object_path(op),
       icon_size(16),
       effective_icon_size(0),
       icon_theme(Gtk::IconTheme::create()),
-      bar_(bar) {
+      bar_(bar),
+      on_ready_(on_ready),
+      on_invalidate_(on_invalidate),
+      on_updated_(on_updated) {
   if (config["icon-size"].isUInt()) {
     icon_size = config["icon-size"].asUInt();
   }
@@ -85,6 +91,8 @@ Item::~Item() {
   }
 }
 
+bool Item::isReady() const { return ready_; }
+
 bool Item::handleMouseEnter(GdkEventCrossing* const& e) {
   event_box.set_state_flags(Gtk::StateFlags::STATE_FLAG_PRELIGHT);
   return false;
@@ -112,14 +120,18 @@ void Item::proxyReady(Glib::RefPtr<Gio::AsyncResult>& result) {
 
     if (this->id.empty() || this->category.empty()) {
       spdlog::error("Invalid Status Notifier Item: {}, {}", bus_name, object_path);
+      invalidate();
       return;
     }
     this->updateImage();
+    setReady();
 
   } catch (const Glib::Error& err) {
     spdlog::error("Failed to create DBus Proxy for {} {}: {}", bus_name, object_path, err.what());
+    invalidate();
   } catch (const std::exception& err) {
     spdlog::error("Failed to create DBus Proxy for {} {}: {}", bus_name, object_path, err.what());
+    invalidate();
   }
 }
 
@@ -178,17 +190,25 @@ void Item::setProperty(const Glib::ustring& name, Glib::VariantBase& value) {
     } else if (name == "Status") {
       setStatus(get_variant<Glib::ustring>(value));
     } else if (name == "IconName") {
+      if (has_custom_icon_) {
+        spdlog::trace("Item '{}': ignoring IconName update, custom icon is set", id);
+      } else {
         icon_name = get_variant<std::string>(value);
+      }
     } else if (name == "IconPixmap") {
+      if (has_custom_icon_) {
+        spdlog::trace("Item '{}': ignoring IconPixmap update, custom icon is set", id);
+      } else {
         icon_pixmap = this->extractPixBuf(value.gobj());
+      }
     } else if (name == "OverlayIconName") {
       overlay_icon_name = get_variant<std::string>(value);
     } else if (name == "OverlayIconPixmap") {
-      // TODO: overlay_icon_pixmap
+      overlay_icon_pixmap = extractPixBuf(value.gobj());
     } else if (name == "AttentionIconName") {
       attention_icon_name = get_variant<std::string>(value);
     } else if (name == "AttentionIconPixmap") {
-      // TODO: attention_icon_pixmap
+      attention_icon_pixmap = extractPixBuf(value.gobj());
     } else if (name == "AttentionMovieName") {
       attention_movie_name = get_variant<std::string>(value);
     } else if (name == "ToolTip") {
@@ -217,18 +237,35 @@ void Item::setProperty(const Glib::ustring& name, Glib::VariantBase& value) {
 }
 
 void Item::setStatus(const Glib::ustring& value) {
-  Glib::ustring lower = value.lowercase();
-  event_box.set_visible(show_passive_ || lower.compare("passive") != 0);
+  status_ = value.lowercase();
+  event_box.set_visible(show_passive_ || status_.compare("passive") != 0);
 
   auto style = event_box.get_style_context();
   for (const auto& class_name : style->list_classes()) {
     style->remove_class(class_name);
   }
-  if (lower.compare("needsattention") == 0) {
+  auto css_class = status_;
+  if (css_class.compare("needsattention") == 0) {
     // convert status to dash-case for CSS
-    lower = "needs-attention";
+    css_class = "needs-attention";
   }
-  style->add_class(lower);
+  style->add_class(css_class);
+  on_updated_();
+}
+
+void Item::setReady() {
+  if (ready_) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ready_ = true;
+  on_ready_(*this);
+}
+
+void Item::invalidate() {
+  if (ready_) {
+    ready_ = false;
+  }
+  on_invalidate_(*this);
 }
 
 void Item::setCustomIcon(const std::string& id) {
@@ -241,11 +278,13 @@ void Item::setCustomIcon(const std::string& id) {
         Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> custom_pixbuf = Gdk::Pixbuf::create_from_file(custom_icon);
         icon_name = "";  // icon_name has priority over pixmap
         icon_pixmap = custom_pixbuf;
+        has_custom_icon_ = true;
       } catch (const Glib::Error& e) {
         spdlog::error("Failed to load custom icon {}: {}", custom_icon, e.what());
       }
     } else {  // if file doesn't exist it's most likely an icon_name
       icon_name = custom_icon;
+      has_custom_icon_ = true;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -287,8 +326,8 @@ void Item::processUpdatedProperties(Glib::RefPtr<Gio::AsyncResult>& _result) {
 static const std::map<std::string_view, std::set<std::string_view>> signal2props = {
     {"NewTitle", {"Title"}},
     {"NewIcon", {"IconName", "IconPixmap"}},
-    // {"NewAttentionIcon", {"AttentionIconName", "AttentionIconPixmap", "AttentionMovieName"}},
-    // {"NewOverlayIcon", {"OverlayIconName", "OverlayIconPixmap"}},
+    {"NewAttentionIcon", {"AttentionIconName", "AttentionIconPixmap", "AttentionMovieName"}},
+    {"NewOverlayIcon", {"OverlayIconName", "OverlayIconPixmap"}},
     {"NewIconThemePath", {"IconThemePath"}},
     {"NewToolTip", {"ToolTip"}},
     {"NewStatus", {"Status"}},
@@ -336,11 +375,20 @@ Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::extractPixBuf(GVariant* variant) {
           if (array != nullptr) {
             g_free(array);
           }
-#if GLIB_MAJOR_VERSION >= 2 && GLIB_MINOR_VERSION >= 68
-          array = static_cast<guchar*>(g_memdup2(data, size));
-#else
-          array = static_cast<guchar*>(g_memdup(data, size));
-#endif
+          // We must allocate our own array because the data from GVariant is read-only
+          // and we need to modify it to convert ARGB to RGBA.
+          array = static_cast<guchar*>(g_malloc(size));
+
+          // Copy and convert ARGB to RGBA in one pass to avoid g_memdup2 overhead
+          const guchar* src = static_cast<const guchar*>(data);
+          for (gsize i = 0; i < size; i += 4) {
+            guchar alpha = src[i];
+            array[i] = src[i + 1];
+            array[i + 1] = src[i + 2];
+            array[i + 2] = src[i + 3];
+            array[i + 3] = alpha;
+          }
+
           lwidth = width;
           lheight = height;
         }
@@ -349,14 +397,6 @@ Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::extractPixBuf(GVariant* variant) {
   }
   g_variant_iter_free(it);
   if (array != nullptr) {
-    /* argb to rgba */
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 4U * lwidth * lheight; i += 4) {
-      guchar alpha = array[i];
-      array[i] = array[i + 1];
-      array[i + 1] = array[i + 2];
-      array[i + 2] = array[i + 3];
-      array[i + 3] = alpha;
-    }
     return Gdk::Pixbuf::create_from_data(array, Gdk::Colorspace::COLORSPACE_RGB, true, 8, lwidth,
                                          lheight, 4 * lwidth, &pixbuf_data_deleter);
   }
@@ -377,36 +417,24 @@ void Item::updateImage() {
     pixbuf = pixbuf->scale_simple(width, scaled_icon_size, Gdk::InterpType::INTERP_BILINEAR);
   }
 
+  pixbuf = overlayPixbufs(pixbuf, getOverlayIconPixbuf());
+
   auto surface =
       Gdk::Cairo::create_surface_from_pixbuf(pixbuf, image.get_scale_factor(), image.get_window());
   image.set(surface);
 }
 
 Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::getIconPixbuf() {
-  if (!icon_name.empty()) {
-    try {
-      std::ifstream temp(icon_name);
-      if (temp.is_open()) {
-        return Gdk::Pixbuf::create_from_file(icon_name);
-      }
-    } catch (Glib::Error& e) {
-      // Ignore because we want to also try different methods of getting an icon.
-      //
-      // But a warning is logged, as the file apparently exists, but there was
-      // a failure in creating a pixbuf out of it.
-
-      spdlog::warn("Item '{}': {}", id, static_cast<std::string>(e.what()));
-    }
-
-    try {
-      // Will throw if it can not find an icon.
-      return getIconByName(icon_name, getScaledIconSize());
-    } catch (Glib::Error& e) {
-      spdlog::trace("Item '{}': {}", id, static_cast<std::string>(e.what()));
+  if (status_ == "needsattention") {
+    if (auto attention_pixbuf = getAttentionIconPixbuf()) {
+      return attention_pixbuf;
     }
   }
 
-  // Return the pixmap only if an icon for the given name could not be found.
+  if (auto pixbuf = loadIconFromNameOrFile(icon_name, true)) {
+    return pixbuf;
+  }
+
   if (icon_pixmap) {
     return icon_pixmap;
   }
@@ -421,9 +449,78 @@ Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::getIconPixbuf() {
   return getIconByName("image-missing", getScaledIconSize());
 }
 
-Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::getIconByName(const std::string& name, int request_size) {
-  icon_theme->rescan_if_needed();
+Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::getAttentionIconPixbuf() {
+  if (auto pixbuf = loadIconFromNameOrFile(attention_icon_name, false)) {
+    return pixbuf;
+  }
+  if (auto pixbuf = loadIconFromNameOrFile(attention_movie_name, false)) {
+    return pixbuf;
+  }
+  return attention_icon_pixmap;
+}
 
+Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::getOverlayIconPixbuf() {
+  if (auto pixbuf = loadIconFromNameOrFile(overlay_icon_name, false)) {
+    return pixbuf;
+  }
+  return overlay_icon_pixmap;
+}
+
+Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::loadIconFromNameOrFile(const std::string& name, bool log_failure) {
+  if (name.empty()) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  try {
+    std::ifstream temp(name);
+    if (temp.is_open()) {
+      return Gdk::Pixbuf::create_from_file(name);
+    }
+  } catch (const Glib::Error& e) {
+    if (log_failure) {
+      spdlog::warn("Item '{}': {}", id, static_cast<std::string>(e.what()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    return getIconByName(name, getScaledIconSize());
+  } catch (const Glib::Error& e) {
+    if (log_failure) {
+      spdlog::trace("Item '{}': {}", id, static_cast<std::string>(e.what()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {};
+}
+
+Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::overlayPixbufs(const Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf>& base,
+                                               const Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf>& overlay) {
+  if (!base || !overlay) {
+    return base;
+  }
+
+  auto composed = base->copy();
+  if (!composed) {
+    return base;
+  }
+
+  int overlay_target_size =
+      std::max(1, std::min(composed->get_width(), composed->get_height()) / 2);
+  auto scaled_overlay = overlay->scale_simple(overlay_target_size, overlay_target_size,
+                                              Gdk::InterpType::INTERP_BILINEAR);
+  if (!scaled_overlay) {
+    return composed;
+  }
+
+  int dest_x = std::max(0, composed->get_width() - scaled_overlay->get_width());
+  int dest_y = std::max(0, composed->get_height() - scaled_overlay->get_height());
+  scaled_overlay->composite(composed, dest_x, dest_y, scaled_overlay->get_width(),
+                            scaled_overlay->get_height(), dest_x, dest_y, 1.0, 1.0,
+                            Gdk::InterpType::INTERP_BILINEAR, 255);
+  return composed;
+}
+
+Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Pixbuf> Item::getIconByName(const std::string& name, int request_size) {
   if (!icon_theme_path.empty()) {
     auto icon_info = icon_theme->lookup_icon(name.c_str(), request_size,
                                              Gtk::IconLookupFlags::ICON_LOOKUP_FORCE_SIZE);
@@ -465,6 +562,9 @@ void Item::makeMenu() {
 }
 
 bool Item::handleClick(GdkEventButton* const& ev) {
+  if (!proxy_) {
+    return false;
+  }
   auto parameters = Glib::VariantContainerBase::create_tuple(
       {Glib::Variant<int>::create(ev->x_root + bar_.x_global),
        Glib::Variant<int>::create(ev->y_root + bar_.y_global)});
@@ -492,6 +592,9 @@ bool Item::handleClick(GdkEventButton* const& ev) {
 }
 
 bool Item::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll* const& ev) {
+  if (!proxy_) {
+    return false;
+  }
   int dx = 0, dy = 0;
   switch (ev->direction) {
     case GDK_SCROLL_UP:

src/modules/sni/tray.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Tray::Tray(const std::string& id, const Bar& bar, const Json::Value& config)
       box_(bar.orientation, 0),
       watcher_(SNI::Watcher::getInstance()),
       host_(nb_hosts_, config, bar, std::bind(&Tray::onAdd, this, std::placeholders::_1),
-            std::bind(&Tray::onRemove, this, std::placeholders::_1)) {
+            std::bind(&Tray::onRemove, this, std::placeholders::_1),
+            std::bind(&Tray::queueUpdate, this)) {
   box_.set_name("tray");
   event_box_.add(box_);
   if (!id.empty()) {
@@ -23,9 +24,6 @@ Tray::Tray(const std::string& id, const Bar& bar, const Json::Value& config)
   if (config_["spacing"].isUInt()) {
     box_.set_spacing(config_["spacing"].asUInt());
   }
-  if (config["show-passive-items"].isBool()) {
-    show_passive_ = config["show-passive-items"].asBool();
-  }
   nb_hosts_ += 1;
   if (config_["icons"].isObject()) {
     IconManager::instance().setIconsConfig(config_["icons"]);
@@ -33,12 +31,16 @@ Tray::Tray(const std::string& id, const Bar& bar, const Json::Value& config)
   dp.emit();
 }
 
+void Tray::queueUpdate() { dp.emit(); }
+
 void Tray::onAdd(std::unique_ptr<Item>& item) {
   if (config_["reverse-direction"].isBool() && config_["reverse-direction"].asBool()) {
     box_.pack_end(item->event_box);
   } else {
     box_.pack_start(item->event_box);
   }
+  item->event_box.signal_show().connect([this] { dp.emit(); });
+  item->event_box.signal_hide().connect([this] { dp.emit(); });
   dp.emit();
 }
 
@@ -48,17 +50,9 @@ void Tray::onRemove(std::unique_ptr<Item>& item) {
 }
 
 auto Tray::update() -> void {
-  // Show tray only when items are available
   std::vector<Gtk::Widget*> children = box_.get_children();
-  if (show_passive_) {
-    event_box_.set_visible(!children.empty());
-  } else {
-    event_box_.set_visible(!std::all_of(children.begin(), children.end(), [](Gtk::Widget* child) {
-      return child->get_style_context()->has_class("passive");
-    }));
-  }
-
-  // Call parent update
+  event_box_.set_visible(std::any_of(children.begin(), children.end(),
+                                     [](Gtk::Widget* child) { return child->get_visible(); }));
   AModule::update();
 }
 

src/modules/sni/watcher.cpp

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ gboolean Watcher::handleRegisterHost(Watcher* obj, GDBusMethodInvocation* invoca
   if (watch != nullptr) {
     g_warning("Status Notifier Host with bus name '%s' and object path '%s' is already registered",
               bus_name, object_path);
-    sn_watcher_complete_register_item(obj->watcher_, invocation);
+    sn_watcher_complete_register_host(obj->watcher_, invocation);
     return TRUE;
   }
   watch = gfWatchNew(GF_WATCH_TYPE_HOST, service, bus_name, object_path, obj);
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ gboolean Watcher::handleRegisterItem(Watcher* obj, GDBusMethodInvocation* invoca
   }
   auto watch = gfWatchFind(obj->items_, bus_name, object_path);
   if (watch != nullptr) {
-    g_warning("Status Notifier Item with bus name '%s' and object path '%s' is already registered",
-              bus_name, object_path);
+    spdlog::debug("Ignoring duplicate Status Notifier Item registration for '{}' at '{}'", bus_name,
+                  object_path);
     sn_watcher_complete_register_item(obj->watcher_, invocation);
     return TRUE;
   }
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ void Watcher::nameVanished(GDBusConnection* connection, const char* name, gpoint
     watch->watcher->hosts_ = g_slist_remove(watch->watcher->hosts_, watch);
     if (watch->watcher->hosts_ == nullptr) {
       sn_watcher_set_is_host_registered(watch->watcher->watcher_, FALSE);
-      sn_watcher_emit_host_registered(watch->watcher->watcher_);
+      sn_watcher_emit_host_unregistered(watch->watcher->watcher_);
     }
   } else if (watch->type == GF_WATCH_TYPE_ITEM) {
     watch->watcher->items_ = g_slist_remove(watch->watcher->items_, watch);
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ void Watcher::nameVanished(GDBusConnection* connection, const char* name, gpoint
     sn_watcher_emit_item_unregistered(watch->watcher->watcher_, tmp);
     g_free(tmp);
   }
+  gfWatchFree(watch);
 }
 
 void Watcher::updateRegisteredItems(SnWatcher* obj) {

src/modules/sway/bar.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ BarIpcClient::BarIpcClient(waybar::Bar& bar) : bar_{bar} {
   });
 }
 
-bool BarIpcClient::isModuleEnabled(std::string name) {
+bool BarIpcClient::isModuleEnabled(const std::string& name) {
   for (const auto& section : {"modules-left", "modules-center", "modules-right"}) {
     if (const auto& modules = bar_.config.get(section, {}); modules.isArray()) {
       for (const auto& module : modules) {

src/modules/sway/ipc/client.cpp

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ namespace waybar::modules::sway {
 
 Ipc::Ipc() {
   const std::string& socketPath = getSocketPath();
-  fd_ = open(socketPath);
-  fd_event_ = open(socketPath);
+  fd_ = util::ScopedFd(open(socketPath));
+  fd_event_ = util::ScopedFd(open(socketPath));
 }
 
 Ipc::~Ipc() {
@@ -21,15 +21,11 @@ Ipc::~Ipc() {
     if (write(fd_, "close-sway-ipc", 14) == -1) {
       spdlog::error("Failed to close sway IPC");
     }
-    close(fd_);
-    fd_ = -1;
   }
   if (fd_event_ > 0) {
     if (write(fd_event_, "close-sway-ipc", 14) == -1) {
       spdlog::error("Failed to close sway IPC event handler");
     }
-    close(fd_event_);
-    fd_event_ = -1;
   }
 }
 
@@ -64,7 +60,7 @@ const std::string Ipc::getSocketPath() const {
 }
 
 int Ipc::open(const std::string& socketPath) const {
-  int32_t fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  util::ScopedFd fd(socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0));
   if (fd == -1) {
     throw std::runtime_error("Unable to open Unix socket");
   }
@@ -78,7 +74,7 @@ int Ipc::open(const std::string& socketPath) const {
   if (::connect(fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&addr), l) == -1) {
     throw std::runtime_error("Unable to connect to Sway");
   }
-  return fd;
+  return fd.release();
 }
 
 struct Ipc::ipc_response Ipc::recv(int fd) {